PERFORMANCE
Summary / Notes
, Table of contents
Section 1 – Class B Aeroplanes
Introduction to Performance… ......................................................... 2
Performance Take-Off….................................................................... 3
Climb.................................................................................................. 4
Cruise… .............................................................................................. 6
Descent… ........................................................................................... 6
Landing… .......................................................................................... 7
Single Engine Piston Regulations… ...................................................7
SEP Graphs…...................................................................................... 9
Multi Engine Piston Definitions and Regulations… ...................... 10
MEP Graphs… ................................................................................. 14
Section 2 – Class A Aeroplanes
Take-Off Procedures… ....................................................................19
Take-Off Graphs… ........................................................................... 19
Initial Climb Procedures from 35 ft to 1500 ft… ............................ 20
Initial Climb Graphs from 35 ft to 1500 ft… ................................... 21
Climb from 1500 ft to Cruise Altitude… ........................................ 21
Cruise… ............................................................................................ 22
Cruise – ETOPS and One Engine Inoperative Cruise… .................. 23
Descent… ........................................................................................ 24
Approach and Landing… ................................................................ 24
Landing Graphs ............................................................................... 26
1
, Chapter 1 – Introduction to Performance
Aircraft Performance categories
1. Single Engine Piston (SEP)
2. Multi-Engine Aeroplane (MEP)
3. Medium Range Jet Transport (MRJT)
Defenitions
-CS23 = certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance for normal category
-CS25 = certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance for large category
-ASTM F3179/F3179M = standard specification for performance of aircraft
Class B Aeroplanes
1. Normal, utility and aerobatic categories, <9 seats and <5670 kg
2. Commuter category with <19 seats and <8618 kg
Normal-category aeroplanes (<19 seats and <8618 kg)
-Level 1 = 0 to 1 passengers
-Level 2 = 2 to 6 passengers
-Level 3 = 7 to 9 passengers
-Level 4 = 10 to 19 passengers
-Low speed = VNO/VMO <250 kts or MMO <0.6
-High speed = VNO/VMO >250 kts or MMO >0.6
-Not certified for aerobatics = only stalls, lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns <60°
Class A Aeroplanes
1. All aeroplanes with MTOM >5700 kg
2. Can safely operate with 1 engine inoperative
Stages of flight
-Take Off = standing point start -> 1500 ft above surface
-Climbing Flight = 1500 ft -> cruise height
-Descending Flight = final cruise height -> 1000 ft
-Approach and landing = 1000 ft -> full stop
Definitions
-Scheduled Performance = determination of MTOM to ensure safety in all phases of flight
-Gross Performance = the average performance within a fleet
-Net Performance = gross performance diminished to allow for various contingencies
-Gross height = height achieved using gross climb performance
-Net height = height achieved using Net climb performance
-Environmental Envelope = extremes of OAT and altitude for which operation is allowed
-Operational Envelope = speed / altitude limitations
2
Summary / Notes
, Table of contents
Section 1 – Class B Aeroplanes
Introduction to Performance… ......................................................... 2
Performance Take-Off….................................................................... 3
Climb.................................................................................................. 4
Cruise… .............................................................................................. 6
Descent… ........................................................................................... 6
Landing… .......................................................................................... 7
Single Engine Piston Regulations… ...................................................7
SEP Graphs…...................................................................................... 9
Multi Engine Piston Definitions and Regulations… ...................... 10
MEP Graphs… ................................................................................. 14
Section 2 – Class A Aeroplanes
Take-Off Procedures… ....................................................................19
Take-Off Graphs… ........................................................................... 19
Initial Climb Procedures from 35 ft to 1500 ft… ............................ 20
Initial Climb Graphs from 35 ft to 1500 ft… ................................... 21
Climb from 1500 ft to Cruise Altitude… ........................................ 21
Cruise… ............................................................................................ 22
Cruise – ETOPS and One Engine Inoperative Cruise… .................. 23
Descent… ........................................................................................ 24
Approach and Landing… ................................................................ 24
Landing Graphs ............................................................................... 26
1
, Chapter 1 – Introduction to Performance
Aircraft Performance categories
1. Single Engine Piston (SEP)
2. Multi-Engine Aeroplane (MEP)
3. Medium Range Jet Transport (MRJT)
Defenitions
-CS23 = certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance for normal category
-CS25 = certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance for large category
-ASTM F3179/F3179M = standard specification for performance of aircraft
Class B Aeroplanes
1. Normal, utility and aerobatic categories, <9 seats and <5670 kg
2. Commuter category with <19 seats and <8618 kg
Normal-category aeroplanes (<19 seats and <8618 kg)
-Level 1 = 0 to 1 passengers
-Level 2 = 2 to 6 passengers
-Level 3 = 7 to 9 passengers
-Level 4 = 10 to 19 passengers
-Low speed = VNO/VMO <250 kts or MMO <0.6
-High speed = VNO/VMO >250 kts or MMO >0.6
-Not certified for aerobatics = only stalls, lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns <60°
Class A Aeroplanes
1. All aeroplanes with MTOM >5700 kg
2. Can safely operate with 1 engine inoperative
Stages of flight
-Take Off = standing point start -> 1500 ft above surface
-Climbing Flight = 1500 ft -> cruise height
-Descending Flight = final cruise height -> 1000 ft
-Approach and landing = 1000 ft -> full stop
Definitions
-Scheduled Performance = determination of MTOM to ensure safety in all phases of flight
-Gross Performance = the average performance within a fleet
-Net Performance = gross performance diminished to allow for various contingencies
-Gross height = height achieved using gross climb performance
-Net height = height achieved using Net climb performance
-Environmental Envelope = extremes of OAT and altitude for which operation is allowed
-Operational Envelope = speed / altitude limitations
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