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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK NEWEST ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A Chapter 1: Cellular Biology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Active transport occurs across which type of membranes? a. Membranes that have a higher concentration of t...

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  • 2 december 2023
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK NEWEST
2023-2024 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A


Chapter 1: Cellular Biology


MULTIPLE CHOICE


1. Active transport occurs across which type of membranes?
a. Membranes that have a higher concentration of the solute on the outside of the cell
b. Membranes that are semipermeable to water and small electrically uncharged
molecules
c. Membranes that have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to
be transported
d. Membranes that have a cell membrane that is hydrophobic rather than hydrophilic
ANS: C
Some molecules are moved into the cell by mechanisms of active transport, which require
receptors that are capable of recognizing and binding with the substance to be transported.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute
concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the
mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes. Osmosis is the movement
of water down a concentration gradient; that is, across a semipermeable membrane from a
region of higher water concentrat iNo Un RtoSIaN lGoTwBe.Cr OwMat er concentration

PTS: 1 REF: Page 28

2. Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high degree
of specificity for the substance being transported?
a. Active c. Transmembranous
b. Mediated d. Passive
ANS: B
Mediated transport (passive and active) involves integral or transmembrane proteins with
receptors having a high degree of specificity for the substance being transported. Inorganic
anions and cations (e.g., Na+, K+, Ca++, chloride [Cl–], bicarbonate [HCO3–]) and charged
and uncharged organic compounds (e.g., amino acids, sugars) require specific transport
systems to facilitate movement through different cellular membranes. The remaining
options do not correctly identify the process described.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 31

3. The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process?
a. Hydrostatic pressure c. Diffusion
b. Osmosis d. Active transport
ANS: A

, Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes.
In the vascular system, hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure generated in vessels by
the contraction of the heart. Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of
25 to 30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary
membranes into the interstitial space. The remaining options do not correctly identify the
process described.

PTS: 1 REF: Pages 29-30

4. Why is osmolality preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in the
clinical assessment of individuals?
a. Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of solution.
b. Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes.
c. More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes, such as protein and glucose,
rather than by water.
d. Osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in plasma, such as
proteins and glucose.
ANS: C
In plasma, less of the plasma weight is water; therefore the overall concentration of
particles is greater. The osmolality will be greater than the osmolarity because of the
smaller proportion of water. Osmolality is thus the preferred measure of osmotic activity
in clinical assessment of individuals.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 30
5. A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the
NURSINGTB.COM
sodium and chloridoeo ll.oW
st hinat t ehfefes ct t wil l this fluid replacement have on
cells?

a. Become hydrated c. Shrink
b. Swell or burst d. Divide
ANS: C
A hypertonic solution has a concentration of greater than 285 to 294 mOsm/kg. An
example of a hypertonic solution is 3% saline solution. Water can be pulled out of the cells
by a hypertonic solution; therefore the cells shrink. The remaining options do not correctly
describe the effect identified in the stem.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 31

6. The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?
a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
ANS: D
Facilitated diffusion is the means by which glucose is transported from the blood to the
cells. The remaining options do not correctly identify this process.

PTS: 1 REF: Pages 31-32

,7. Potassium and sodium are transported across plasma membranes by:

, a. Passive electrolyte channels
b. Coupled channels
c. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
d. Diffusion
ANS: C
The exact mechanism for the transport of Na+ and K+ across the membrane is uncertain.
One proposal is that ATPase enzyme induces the transporter protein to undergo several
conformational changes, causing Na+ and K+ to move short distances (see Figure 1-29).
The remaining options do not correctly describe the means by which K+ and Na+ are
transported.

PTS: 1 REF: Pages 32-33

8. What occurs during exocytosis?
a.Macromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes.
b.All substances are secreted into the cellular matrix.
c.No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place.
d.Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell.
ANS: A
In eukaryotic cells, secretion of macromolecules almost always occurs by exocytosis. The
remaining options do not correctly describe exocytosis.

PTS: 1 REF: Pages 35-36

9. Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells?
a. Potassium has a greater con ce N
n tUraRt SioI Nn Gi nT Bth. Ce Oi Mn tracellular fluid (ICF).
b. Sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
c. The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium.
d. An excess of anions are inside the cell.
ANS: C
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+, K+ can easily
diffuse from its area of higher concentration in the ICF to its area of lower concentration in
the ECF. Because Na+ and K+ are both cations, the net result is an excess of anions inside
the cell, resulting in the resting membrane potential. The remaining options do not
correctly identify the process that most easily diffuses K+.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 36

10. The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process?
a. Receptor-mediated exocytosis c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
b. Antiport system d. Passive transport
ANS: C
The cellular uptake of nutrients, such as cholesterol, for example, depends on
receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nutrients are not transported via the other options.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 33

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