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Gescheideniswerkplaats- 3VWO - Hoofdstuk 1 De eerste wereld oorlog - samenvatting - ENGLISH €5,49
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Gescheideniswerkplaats- 3VWO - Hoofdstuk 1 De eerste wereld oorlog - samenvatting - ENGLISH
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Samenvatting van geschiedeniswerkplaats Hoofdstuk 1 De eerste wereld oorlog. Geschikt voor 3vwo TTO leerlingen. LET OP DEZE SAMENVATTING IS IN HET ENGELS. De nederlandse versie is ook beschikbaar, zie andere samenvattingen.

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  • 24 december 2023
  • 8
  • 2022/2023
  • Samenvatting

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1.1
The idea of progress: The idea that life keeps getting better
La belle époque: The beautiful period, from 1890 – 1914
Time of world wars: Ninth area,1900 – 1950
Time zone: Area with the same time
Two-Front war: War which is fought in two areas at the same time
World war: War in which many people in a large part of the world participate.

1846: Station clocks great Britain, connected via telegraph wires
1848: Time Greenwich, became the national time of Great Britain.
1891: European countries divided Europe into three time zones.
1940: Germans invaded Netherlands, Introduced central European time.
1890 - 1914 = la belle époque/the beautiful period; was the period before the wars.
1900 – 1950 = time of the world wars (ninth area)
1896: First modern Olympics games were held, in Athens.

- Before the 1900 century, every place had its own time; determined by the sun's position.
- After 1900th century: New century started at the same time in large parts of Europe.

Consequence difference in time
- departure and arrival times trains were not accurate nor fixed.
Solution
- From 1846 onwards station clocks in Great Britain were connected via telegraph wires; they were synchronized
- time Greenwich served as standard time.

Time zone
- Great Britain – 1848 Time in Greenwich became national time, used for all activities.
- European countries
 International train traffic increased; agreements had to be made
 1891, European countries were divided into 3 time zones
 Time zones – Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Greenwich

Before 1940
- National time Netherlands was time in Greenwich; consequence -->became dark, quite early

After 1940
- Germans occupied Netherlands, changed the time zone to central European time

1890 – 1914 The beautiful period
 Increasing democracy and prosperity.
 Public transport became available for more people
 Time was both good for poor and rich
 Respect for workers, child labour was abolished
 Devices/products from industrial revolution made life easier; telephone, lightbulbs
 Were more/new entertainment venues; cinemas cafes, sports matches.
 Medicinal hygiene brought hygiene and decreased diseases.
 Popular books were read throughout Europe; due to new printing techniques.
 People travel through more and further countries; due to modern transport.
 Tourism increased.

Consequences
- created uncertainty about the future
- made people optimistic
- People shared the idea of progress

Olympic Games of 1896
- 1896, Olympic games were reintroduced by Pierre de Coubertin.
- Olympic games were held in Athens
- New transport, increasing prosperity allowed large amounts of visitors, athletes to attend the games.
- Were a contest between states
- measuring time important, success depended on speed; stopwatch helped with measuring time.
- People who lived in cities/worked in offices started sports to compensate lack of exercise, fresh air.

Nationalism and sports
- Sport made men tough, resilient, disciplined, conditioned, and well fit.
- Men would therefore be more fit for the army and gave the team spirit/discipline.
- This strengthened the (French) armies.

, 1.2
Allies: The Us, Great Britain, France and Russia + its allies
Arms race: Race for strongest weapons
Central powers: Germany, Austria and their allies
Militarism: Glorification of everything to do with the military
Mobilisation: Making an army combat ready
Trench: Dug hallways in which soldiers protect themselves and hide from the enemy.
Two – Front war: war in which is fought in two areas at the same time.
World war: War in which many people in a large part of the worlf participate.

28th June 1914; Austrian crown prince Franz Ferdinand shot when visiting Bosnia, the capital of Sarajevo.
28th July 1914; Austria declared war on Serbia
1914: Germany declared war on Russia
1914: Germany declared war on france
third of August 1914; Germany Violated Belgium’s Neutrality
1915: Germans sent troops to eastern front to attack Russia.
1915: Germans conquered: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russian part Poland, re-conquered Austria
1916: Russia lost its military strengths
1917: Russian tsar stepped down after a revolt; New government Russia continued the war
1917: Russian Soldiers surrendered, deserted, killed their officers.
1917: United stated declared war on Germany; sent 500.000 soldiers to France
1918: Russia made peace with Germany gave Germany; parts of eastern Russia and Ukraine.
1918: Allied forces used, tanks, planes, canons; killed thousands of soldiers and civilians.
11.00 o’clock on 11 of October, in 1918: Germany surrendered

World war I
-Started 1914, Ended 1918
- Between the Allies and the Central powers.
- the Allies; Great Britain, France, Russia, And their allies; USA, Italy)
- The central powers; Germany, Austria, and their allies; Ottoman empire).

Armies
- In French army - Africans
- In British Army - Australians, Canadians, New Zealanders

Cause Great War
- Tension grew, due to Nationalism
- Love for one’s own people was important, and hated other peoples
- Germany, Russia – Wanted Power
- France – wanted revenge, on Germany
- France + Russia – Formed alliance against Germany
- Bulgaria, Serbia – Wanted to expand at cost of ottoman empire
- Serbia – Wanted Austrian province of Bosnia.

War was seen as a way to strengthen one’s nation

Military
- Military values; Courage, discipline, fighting, Were regarded highly.
- Was a lot of Militarism; glorification, of the military.

Consequences militarism
- Countries, wanted to be the best armed.
- Stronger weapons were stocked.

Start Great war
- 28th June 1914; Austrian crown prince Franz Ferdinand shot when visiting Bosnia, the capital of Sarajevo.
- Shooter – Part of a terror group – Sent to Sarajevo by secret Serbian intelligence.
- Austria and Germany allied.
- Serbia, allied with Russia, Who got help from France.

- 28th July 1914; Austria declared war on Serbia
- Germany declared war on Russia; As Russia Wanted to Attack Austria
- Germany Declared war on France; As France started mobilising, after Germany declared war on Russia.
- third of August 1914; Germany Violated Belgium’s Neutrality; they moved through it to get to the northern border of France.
- Great Britain declared war on Germany; Germany Violated Belgium’s neutrality.

The first week of the great war
- New industrially produced weapons killed + Injured hundreds of thousands.
- German army, conquered north of France.


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