samenvatting van geschiedeniswerkplaats hoofdstuk 5 Nederland na 1945.
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5.1
1945: reconstruction Netherlands started.
- bridges, port systems, railways destroyed disappeared.
- transport vehicles transported to Germany
- agricultural lang flooded
1950: construction Netherlands
- agriculture reached pre-war level
- industry produced more than before the war
- more houses were built due to baby boom population increased from 1945 onwards
Modernization Dutch economy
- up to 1973 economy grew with 5% per year
- due to oil refinery and chemical industry new devices were produced, and port of Rotterdam grew.
Production agriculture
- production increased
- small farms were incorporated intoi big companies labourers were replaced by machines
- employment agricultural sector decreased people were looking for other jobs, there was no unemployment
Cause reconstruction and modernization
- caused by marshall plan, cooperation between employers, unions and the government.
- Unions, employers and government made agreements to keep wages and prices low. industry could work cheaply.
Mindset employees
- employees were, hardworking, obedient, and satisfied with little believed hard diligence and frugality were needed for prosperity
- 1956: significant raise in salary
Welfare state
- 1945 – 1958: confessionals and socialists formed governments
- Willem drees (prime minister from 1958)(party PvdA) built a welfare state government took care of people who can’t take care of themselves.
- first only applied to elderly – who depended on their kids, or lived in poverty
- 1949: WW was implanted unemployed people received benefits
- 1956: AOW was implanted elderly from 65 received benefits
- 1959: confessional parties ruled together with the VVD
- 1967: VVD introduced WAO for people who could no longer world due to illness or disability
Creation laws social security
- collection of laws and provisions for people who’re less able to look after themselves
- laws were paid out of taxes or regulated social insurance.
welfare state was based on solidarity.
Other ideas
- 1960; wages increased boosting consumers economy
- 1951 Tv introduced into the Netherlands people were introduced to foreign cultures and ideologies
Consequence introduction foreign cultures and ideologies
- depillarization started people got different ideas
- caused secularisation
- humanism increased
- individualisation increased wanted to make their own choices, not choices to comfort others
- morals changed people wanted to have a say and decision
- confessional parties lost their majority.
Relationship between men and women
- Before 1960: women were expected to stay at work, take care of the household
- 1960: relationship between men and women became more equal
- After 1960: women went to university, continued to work after marriage
Sexual morals
- Before 1960: strict sexual morals young people should get married as virgins, nudity was forbidden, divorce was a disgrace
- After 1960: sexual revolution started: contraceptive pill was introduced people dealt with sex more freely, talking about sex more normal, living
together unmarried more normal.
Youth culture
- Stayed in school longer – more people to share their ideas with – lots of young people do to baby boom
- spent more money on entertainment/consumer products youth culture was created
- young people rebelled more often.
Western culture
- Sociocultural changes mainly took place in the west western culture changed
- pluriform society formed
5.2
Cause/consequence flood 1st February 1953
North-western storm high tide dikes broke county flooded 1836 people died in Zeeland, South holland, West Brabant
After the flood 1st February 1953
- civil servants came up with delta plan needed a new law to be executed law had to be approved by parliament.
- November 1955 government sent approval for delta act to house of representatives.
- in 1957 majority house of representatives approved of delta act 1958 senate agreed law signed by queen Juliana.
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