1. __________ first distinguished corporate groups from other forms of social organization.
a. Clynch
b. Weber
c. Etzioni
d. Barnard
ANS: b REF: p. 4 OBJ: LO1
2. __________ defined an organization as “a system of consciously coordinated activities or
forces of two or more persons.”
a. Clynch
b. Weber
c. Etzioni
d. Barnard
ANS: d REF: p. 4 OBJ: LO1
3. __________ describes organizations as “social units deliberately constructed and
reconstructed to seek specific goals.”
a. Clynch
b. Weber
c. Etzioni
d. Barnard
ANS: c REF: p. 4 OBJ: L01
4. Organizational goals are:
a. complex.
b. multiple.
c. often conflicting.
d. all of these
ANS: d REF: p. 5 OBJ: LO1
5. Police and courts are valued despite difficulties in measuring:
a. effectiveness.
b. performance.
c. productivity.
6
, d. consistency.
ANS: c REF: p. 13 OBJ: LO8
6. As a result of litigation:
a. prisons have become more bureaucratized.
b. prison staff have become more demoralized.
c. a strong movement to establish prison standards has begun.
d. all of these
ANS: d REF: p. 13 OBJ: LO7
7. In some states, correctional officers have strengthened their positions through:
a. the political process.
b. unionizing non-union institutions.
c. collective bargaining.
d. grievance mechanisms.
ANS: a REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO7
8. Administrators have to respond to the changes mandated through the legislatures and the
_______.
a. public
b. courts
c. press
d. internet
ANS: b REF: p. 9 OBJ: LO4
9. __________ posits that goals provide direction and serve as constraints or limits.
a. Stojkovic and Farkas
b. Nanus
c. Schein
d. Wilson
ANS: d REF: p. 11 OBJ: L02
10. __________ and others argue that effective leadership within organizations cannot be
understood without reference to the manipulation, management, and, in some cases, the
destruction of organizational culture.
a. Stojkovic and Farkas
b. Nanus
c. Schein
d. Wilson
ANS: c REF: p. 7 OBJ: LO 3
7
, 11. Stojkovic and Farkas view correctional leadership as fundamentally linked to the creation
and perpetuation of a specific set of that underlie an organizational culture.
a. values
b. principles
c. missions
d. policies
ANS: a REF: p. 7 OBJ: LO3
12. __________ say(s) leaders are primarily concerned with motivating organizational
members and enabling them to act by creating a shared vision.
a. Stojkovic and Farkas
b. Nanus
c. Schein
d. Wilson
ANS: b REF: p. 7 OBJ: LO3
13. __________ also point out that not only is organizational structure affected by the
environment, but so is the way in which these public organizations are evaluated.
a. Stojkovic and Farkas
b. Walmsley and Zald
c. Jacobs and Brauner
d. Wilson and Davis
ANS: b REF: p. 12 OBJ: LO2
14. __________ advise considering organizations as arenas in which struggles for power
occur.
a. Stojkovic and Farkas
b. Hall and Tolbert
c. Jacobs and Brauner
d. Wilson and Davis
ANS: b REF: p. 12 OBJ: LO2
15. __________ in organizations involves not just attitudes and values held by individuals
but also an organizational ethos.
a. Management
b. Decision making
c. Leadership
d. Socialization
ANS: d REF: p. 5 OBJ: LO1
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