Summary Literature: Governance & Strategy
Week 1
Peters & Pierre, 2001; Developments in intergovernmental relatons: towards
multi-level governanee
The gradual shif from a government towards a governanee perspeetve refeets the new role
of the state whieh has beeome typieal of western polites in the past deeade. Multi-level
governanee is to some extent merely a logieal extension of these developments. However, it
also signals a growing awareness among eleeted ofeials of the deereasing meaningfulness
of speaking about sovereignty and autonomy in a politeal and eeonomie order. Multi-level
governanee is also manifested in a growing number of exehanges between subnatonal and
transnatonal insttutons.
Multi-level governanee: negotated, noni-hierarehieal exehanges between insttutons at the
transnatonal, natonal, regional and loeal levels. Thus, multi-level governanee refers not just
to negotated relatons between insttutons at diferent insttutonal levels but to a verteal
layering of governanee proeesses at these diferent levels.
There are developments that have propelled the emergenee of multi-level governanee:
i- The state has been weakened by the fseal erisis that has swept aeross most of the
western world during the past eouple of deeades.
i- The state is no longer the unrivalled king of the hill it is being ehallenged by transnatonal
insttutons sueh as the EU. By the same token, subnatonal governments are beeoming
more assertve in an efort to expand their eeonomie base.
i- The ehanging division of labour among insttutons at diferent ters of government over
the past eouple of deeades has opened up opportunites for negotated arrangements
either to eomplement or to replaee legaliste, hierarehieal insttutonal relatonships.
i- Reeent administratve reform has entailed ehanging intergovernmental relatonships.
i- The overall nature of the politeal projeet pursued by eontemporary western states has
ehanged signifeantly over the past 10i-15 years. Previously, the emphasis was on
expanding the politeal sphere in soeiety; the eurrent main objeetves are to inerease
efeieney in publie serviee delivery and delivering more eustomeri-auuned serviees.
The linkage between poliey ehange and insttutonal ehange is evident. This linkage works
both ways; poliey ehanges trigger or neeessitate insttutonal ehanges and, similarly,
insttutonal ehanges frequently entail some degree of poliey ehange.
A eommon pauern in all eountries reports is that ehanges in intergovernmental relatonships
or developments towards negotated forms of insttutonal exehange that sidestep the
hierarehieal model of intergovernmental relatonship are primarily the result of ineremental
ehanges in insttutonal behaviour that are rarely aeeompanied by ehanges in the legal and
insttutonal struetures governing these insttutons.
1
, Riley & Manias, 2006; Governanee in operatng room nursing; Nurses’
knowledge of individual surgeons.
While there is an inereasing body of knowledge about soeial relatonships in operatng
rooms, very liule evidenee provides insight to the subjeetvity of operatng room nurses or
teehnologies of power that shape their praetee. As a eonsequenee, we asked the queston:
How is operatng room nursing praetee eonstrueted and governed in the elinieal setngn
Foueauldian: governmentality: eombine the ideas about government or the power to direet
eonduet, with the eoneept of mentality, or how governing is thought about and approaehed.
It is eoneerned not only with the taetes and praetees of government, but also with praetees
of the self that shape and mould the individual through direetng ehoiees, desired aspiratons
and needs.
Rhodes, 2007; Understanding Governanee: Ten Years On
Poliey networks: sets of formal and informal insttutonal linkages between governmental
and other aetors struetured around shared interests in publie polieymaking and
implementaton. The insttutons are interdependent. Polieies emerge from the bargaining
between the networks’ members. The other aetors eommonly inelude the professions, trade
unions and big business.
An organisaton has power, relatve to an element of its task environment, to the extent that
the organisaton has the eapaeity to satsfy the needs of that element and to the extent that
the organisaton monopolises that eapaeity. This idea is elaborated:
i- Any organisaton is dependent upon other organisatons for resourees
i- In order to aehieve their goals, the organisatons have to exehange resourees
i- Although deeisioni-making within the organisaton is eonstrained by other organisatons,
the dominant eoaliton retains some disereton. The appreeiatve system of the dominant
eoaliton infuenees whieh relatonships are seen as problem and whieh resourees will be
sought
i- The dominant eoaliton employs strategies within known rules of the game to regulate
the proeess of exehange.
i- Variatons in the degree of disereton are a produet of the goals and the relatve power
potental of interaetng organisatons.
Shared values and norms are the glue whieh holds the eomplex set of relatonships in
networks together,; trust is essental for eooperatve behaviour and, therefore, the existenee
of the network.
Governanee: a new proeess of governing; or a ehanged eonditon or ordered rule; or the new
method by whieh soeiety is governed. However, nothing in the soeial seienees is ever that
simple. Therefore, governanee wearing publie administratons and publie poliey speetaeles is
defned as:
1. Interdependenee between organisatons. Governanee is broader than government,
eovering noni-state aetors. Changing the boundaries of the state, meant the
2
Week 1
Peters & Pierre, 2001; Developments in intergovernmental relatons: towards
multi-level governanee
The gradual shif from a government towards a governanee perspeetve refeets the new role
of the state whieh has beeome typieal of western polites in the past deeade. Multi-level
governanee is to some extent merely a logieal extension of these developments. However, it
also signals a growing awareness among eleeted ofeials of the deereasing meaningfulness
of speaking about sovereignty and autonomy in a politeal and eeonomie order. Multi-level
governanee is also manifested in a growing number of exehanges between subnatonal and
transnatonal insttutons.
Multi-level governanee: negotated, noni-hierarehieal exehanges between insttutons at the
transnatonal, natonal, regional and loeal levels. Thus, multi-level governanee refers not just
to negotated relatons between insttutons at diferent insttutonal levels but to a verteal
layering of governanee proeesses at these diferent levels.
There are developments that have propelled the emergenee of multi-level governanee:
i- The state has been weakened by the fseal erisis that has swept aeross most of the
western world during the past eouple of deeades.
i- The state is no longer the unrivalled king of the hill it is being ehallenged by transnatonal
insttutons sueh as the EU. By the same token, subnatonal governments are beeoming
more assertve in an efort to expand their eeonomie base.
i- The ehanging division of labour among insttutons at diferent ters of government over
the past eouple of deeades has opened up opportunites for negotated arrangements
either to eomplement or to replaee legaliste, hierarehieal insttutonal relatonships.
i- Reeent administratve reform has entailed ehanging intergovernmental relatonships.
i- The overall nature of the politeal projeet pursued by eontemporary western states has
ehanged signifeantly over the past 10i-15 years. Previously, the emphasis was on
expanding the politeal sphere in soeiety; the eurrent main objeetves are to inerease
efeieney in publie serviee delivery and delivering more eustomeri-auuned serviees.
The linkage between poliey ehange and insttutonal ehange is evident. This linkage works
both ways; poliey ehanges trigger or neeessitate insttutonal ehanges and, similarly,
insttutonal ehanges frequently entail some degree of poliey ehange.
A eommon pauern in all eountries reports is that ehanges in intergovernmental relatonships
or developments towards negotated forms of insttutonal exehange that sidestep the
hierarehieal model of intergovernmental relatonship are primarily the result of ineremental
ehanges in insttutonal behaviour that are rarely aeeompanied by ehanges in the legal and
insttutonal struetures governing these insttutons.
1
, Riley & Manias, 2006; Governanee in operatng room nursing; Nurses’
knowledge of individual surgeons.
While there is an inereasing body of knowledge about soeial relatonships in operatng
rooms, very liule evidenee provides insight to the subjeetvity of operatng room nurses or
teehnologies of power that shape their praetee. As a eonsequenee, we asked the queston:
How is operatng room nursing praetee eonstrueted and governed in the elinieal setngn
Foueauldian: governmentality: eombine the ideas about government or the power to direet
eonduet, with the eoneept of mentality, or how governing is thought about and approaehed.
It is eoneerned not only with the taetes and praetees of government, but also with praetees
of the self that shape and mould the individual through direetng ehoiees, desired aspiratons
and needs.
Rhodes, 2007; Understanding Governanee: Ten Years On
Poliey networks: sets of formal and informal insttutonal linkages between governmental
and other aetors struetured around shared interests in publie polieymaking and
implementaton. The insttutons are interdependent. Polieies emerge from the bargaining
between the networks’ members. The other aetors eommonly inelude the professions, trade
unions and big business.
An organisaton has power, relatve to an element of its task environment, to the extent that
the organisaton has the eapaeity to satsfy the needs of that element and to the extent that
the organisaton monopolises that eapaeity. This idea is elaborated:
i- Any organisaton is dependent upon other organisatons for resourees
i- In order to aehieve their goals, the organisatons have to exehange resourees
i- Although deeisioni-making within the organisaton is eonstrained by other organisatons,
the dominant eoaliton retains some disereton. The appreeiatve system of the dominant
eoaliton infuenees whieh relatonships are seen as problem and whieh resourees will be
sought
i- The dominant eoaliton employs strategies within known rules of the game to regulate
the proeess of exehange.
i- Variatons in the degree of disereton are a produet of the goals and the relatve power
potental of interaetng organisatons.
Shared values and norms are the glue whieh holds the eomplex set of relatonships in
networks together,; trust is essental for eooperatve behaviour and, therefore, the existenee
of the network.
Governanee: a new proeess of governing; or a ehanged eonditon or ordered rule; or the new
method by whieh soeiety is governed. However, nothing in the soeial seienees is ever that
simple. Therefore, governanee wearing publie administratons and publie poliey speetaeles is
defned as:
1. Interdependenee between organisatons. Governanee is broader than government,
eovering noni-state aetors. Changing the boundaries of the state, meant the
2
