Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam with 100% Correct Answers

Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam with 100% Correct Answers The Primary role of Fungi - answerDecomposers- they break things down Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - answerHeterotrophs with extracellular digestion Exoenzymes - answerFungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed. Extracellular Digestion - answerThe release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the absorption of nutrients.. Saprobes - answerFungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms Symbionts - answerFungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship) Mutualism in Fungi - answerboth organisms benefit, neither is harmed. Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria) Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots Commensalism - answerOne organism benefits, the other is unharmed Parasitism - answerOne organism benefits, the other is harmed Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - answerEx: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot) Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite 1. black stem rust on wheat 2. ergots on rye 3. strawberries with botrytis mold 4. pink ear rot of corn Black Stem Rust - answerParasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat Ergots - answerParasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives hallucinogenic sensations Botrytis Mold - answerParasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries Fungi Characteristics - answer1. Heterotrophic 2. Extracellular Digestion 3. Chitin-Based Cell wall 4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae Hyphae - answerfilaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic Yeast - answerYeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR Septate - answerYou can see the cell separation because the nuclei are confined in and separated by cell walls Think "separate" Coenocytic - answerYou cant see the cell separation. It is multinucleated meaning that there are multiple nuclei not separated by a cell wall Thallus/Mycelium - answercollectively refers to a bunch of hyphae that together make up the body of the fungus Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body) Haustoria - answerThe hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that penetrates the cell of other organisms (the host) After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that break down the cell wall, thus allowing greater potential movement of organic carbon from host to fungus. What is Fungi Most closely related to? - answerFungi have cell walls and fruiting bodies, so were originally thought to be plants. However, they are most closely related to animals Fungi Nuclei - answerMost fungi cells have 2 nuclei Mitosis - answerHas NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs is a nucleus. What you start with is what you end with (identical nuclei and identical DNA) Meiosis - answerCell must be a diploid (2n) Process of nuclear division which the ploidy of the parent cell is halve