Bio ch. 3, 4, and 5 test Review 79 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Bio ch. 3, 4, and 5 test Review 79 Questions with Verified Answers Chromosomes contain two chromatids after S-phase. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER True DNA is replicated during which phase of the Cell Cycle? G2-Phase S-Phase Mitotic-Phase All of the answer choices are correct - CORRECT ANSWER S-phase In the below image, look carefully at the structure labeled C. What happens to it during anaphase in somatic cell division? the entire structure goes into one of the new cells being formed the structure duplicates itself, and each new cell will get a complete "X" shaped structure the center region splits, and each identical new cell gets one half of the "X" shaped structure the center region splits, and both halves replicate, and two identical sections go into each new cell none of these are correct statements of what happens - CORRECT ANSWER the center region splits, and each identical new cell gets one half of the "X" shaped structure When the nucleus from the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the ovum, a zygote is formed. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER True When does nuclear division in a somatic cell called? Cytokinesis Meiosis Mitosis Prophase Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER Mitosis In the process called ________. A gene's DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein. Mitosis Gene expression Regulation Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER Gene Expression ________ is a state of high metabolic activity in which the cell does most of its growing. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase - CORRECT ANSWER Interphase During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins. interphase prophase metaphase telophase anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER Interphase During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase. interphase metaphase telophase prophase anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER Anaphase In the diagram, which panel shows events occurring during anaphase? C B A D E - CORRECT ANSWER D Sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes form tetrads, and crossing-over (exchange of genetic information between regions of non-sister chromatids in the tetrad) occurs during which phase? mitotic prophase meiotic prophase I mitotic metaphase meiotic metaphase I meiotic prophase II - CORRECT ANSWER Meiotic Prophase 1 DNA replication can also be called mitosis requires the use of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA takes place during S interphase of the cell cycle reduces the number of chromosomes by half - CORRECT ANSWER Takes place during S interphase of the cell cycle Which of the following reduces the number of chromosomes by half? separation of chromatids separation of homologous chromosomes cytokinesis synapsis - CORRECT ANSWER separation of homologous chromosomes This tissue covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs such as the stomach and bladder. Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER Epithelial tissue A tissue is a group of cells that usually have a common origin in the embryo and function together to carry out specialized activities. True False - CORRECT ANSWER True The basic types of human tissues are: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous Epithelial, Membranous, Muscular and Nervous Muscular, Nervous, Epithelial and Mesenteric Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Glandular - CORRECT ANSWER Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous Tight junctions can be found in the urinary bladder. True False - CORRECT ANSWER True Adherens junctions are composed of a protein plaque, microfilaments and transmembrane proteins. True False - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following bind cells to the basement membrane? tight junctions gap junctions adherens junctions hemidesmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER hemidesmosomes This type of junction contains tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons which allow the movement of ions and small molecules between cells. It is found between muscles cells of the heart and in organs with smooth muscle tissue such as the gastrointestinal tract. tight junctions gap junctions desmosomes hemidesmosomes adherens junctions - CORRECT ANSWER gap junctions Which types of cell junctions prevent the contents of organs from leaking into surrounding tissues? Tight junctions Adherens junctions Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER tight junctions This tissue has an extensive extracellular matrix, usually has many blood vessels, and provides oxygen and nutrients to overlying tissues epithelial tissue connective tissue muscular Tissue nervous tissue - CORRECT ANSWER connective tissue Epithelial and connective tissues are found adjacent to each other because: Epithelium is avascular and needs to exchange oxygen, nutrients and waste with the blood of highly vascular connective tissue. Connective tissue is avascular and needs to exchange oxygen, nutrients and waste with the blood of the highly vascular epithelium. The two tissues are seldom adjacent to each other. The two are coupled by gap junctions to allow for nutrient, oxygen and waste exchange. - CORRECT ANSWER Epithelium is avascular and needs to exchange oxygen, nutrients and waste with the blood of highly vascular connective tissue. This type of epithelium has elastic properties. It is able to stretch and return to a less stretched condition. When stretched, the cells at the top flatten out and when relaxed they become rounded. What is this tissue? stratified squamous stratified cuboidal stratified columnar transitional pseudostratified columnar - CORRECT ANSWER transitional How many layers are found in pseudostratified columnar epithelial? one two three - CORRECT ANSWER one Which tissue can withstand friction and abrasion? Simple epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium Stratified epithelium Elastic connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER Stratified epithelium Which tissue lines the bladder? Simple squamous epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Transitional epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER Transitional epithelium Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on shape of the gland. how the gland release its secretory product. how the gland synthesizes its secretory product. size of the gland. - CORRECT ANSWER how the gland release its secretory product. In the diagram shown below, where would cilia be present? E C D A B - CORRECT ANSWER A In the diagram shown below, which area would contain gap junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes? D E C B A - CORRECT ANSWER B The tissue indicated by the arrow is an example of ________ epithelium tissue. columnar pseudostratified columnar simple columnar simple cuboidal stratified columnar - CORRECT ANSWER Simple columnar All connective tissues consist of two basic elements: cells and __________. collagen fibers chondrocytes adipose tissue extracellular matrix reticular fibers - CORRECT ANSWER extracellular matrix The function of __________ is to store triglycerides. mast cells fibroblasts plasma cells adipocytes macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER adipocytes This type of connective tissue has no direct blood supply in its extracellular matrix, which makes it slow to heal. reticular areolar cartilage dense irregular adipose - CORRECT ANSWER cartilage The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of plasma membranes and ground substance. calcified crystals of minerals and enzymes. enzymes and membranous organelles. keratinized cells and protein fibers. protein fibers and ground substance. - CORRECT ANSWER protein fibers and ground substance. Which of these serous membranes lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs? pleurae pericardium peritoneum cutaneous membrane synovial membrane - CORRECT ANSWER peritoneum Which membrane lines freely moveable joints? Synovial membrane Serous membrane Cutaneous membrane Mucous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER synovial membrane Which type of muscle tissue is under the voluntary control of our nervous sytem. We can consciously control the movement of this type of muscle tissue. skeletal cardiac smooth - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs and is not under voluntary control. skeletal cardiac smooth - CORRECT ANSWER smooth Smooth muscle derives its name from the lack of striations in the cell. True False - CORRECT ANSWER true Which type of muscle tissue would have these characteristics: branched cells, usually has one nucleus, has striations (a striped appearance)? Skeletal Cardiac Smooth - CORRECT ANSWER cardiac Which of the following statements is incorrect? Mucous membranes line a cavity that opens directly to the exterior. Serous membranes line body cavities that do not open to the exterior. Cutaneous membranes cover the entire surface of the body and consist of the epidermis and dermis. Synovial membranes line the thoracic cavity and are double layered. - CORRECT ANSWER Synovial membranes line the thoracic cavity and are double layered. The cells of the nervous system which are able to generate nerve impulses (action potentials) are called neuroglia. True False - CORRECT ANSWER false Cardiac and smooth muscle are striated. True False - CORRECT ANSWER false The ________ component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together? formed elements ground substance matrix basement membrane - CORRECT ANSWER ground substance The tissue indicated by the arrow is an example of ________ epithelium tissue. Pseudostratified columnar Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Simple squamous Stratified Stratified squamous - CORRECT ANSWER stratified squamous Which tissue conducts electrical impulses from one part of the body to another? Nervous Connective Epithelial Skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER nervous Which layer consists on average of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes. stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum - CORRECT ANSWER stratum corneum The pigment-producing cells of the epidermis are located in which layer? stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale - CORRECT ANSWER stratum basale Which of the following is not a correct statement about melanin? granules of melanin are produced and exported by melanocytes melanin granules are the source of skin pigmentation melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin melanin pigment protects DNA from damaging UV light melanin granules are taken up by keratinocytes - CORRECT ANSWER melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin Which layer has stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes? stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum - CORRECT ANSWER stratum basale Which epidermal layer marks the transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers. stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale - CORRECT ANSWER stratum granulosum This skin layer is only present in places subjected to high levels of mechanical wear-and-tear, and provide an additional protective layer where it occurs, such as in the soles of the feet, palms, and fingertips. stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale - CORRECT ANSWER stratum lucidum Langerhans cells are part of the skin's immune defenses and activate other immune cells when the skin is invaded by microbes. Which layer of the epidermis contains Langerhans cells? stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale - CORRECT ANSWER stratum spinosum Differences in skin pigmentation are due to the number of melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin. People with darker skin have many more melanocytes than people with paler skin. True False - CORRECT ANSWER False Which might be due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood? jaundice erythema cyanosis albinism - CORRECT ANSWER cyanosis The skin is also known as a (the) ________ membrane. cutaneous serous dermal synovial - CORRECT ANSWER cutaneous Which type of epithelium makes up the epidermis? Stratified cuboidal Stratified columnar Nonkeratinized stratified squamous Keratinized stratified squamous - CORRECT ANSWER Keratinized stratified squamous Wounds that only damage the epidermis won't bleed because the epidermis is ________. germproof keratinized impermeable avascular - CORRECT ANSWER avascular Where are hair follicles located? Reticular dermis Papillary dermis Epidermis Sebaceous glands - CORRECT ANSWER Reticular Dermis Which skin layer is mitotically active? Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum corneum Stratum basale - CORRECT ANSWER stratum basale The integumentary system is composed of skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails and sensory receptors. True False - CORRECT ANSWER True As newly formed cells of the stratum basale are pushed to the surface, they accumulate keratin and undergo apoptosis. This process is referred to as ________. Germination Keratinization Perspiration Granulation Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER Keratinization The subcutaneous layer is also known as the dermis epidermis hypodermis stratum corneum stratum basale - CORRECT ANSWER hypodermis Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light. - CORRECT ANSWER 1 and 3 Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light? Hemoglobin Melanin Carotene Melatonin Keratin - CORRECT ANSWER Melanin Tactile epithelial cells are located in the stratum spinosum. stratum granulosum. stratum basale. stratum corneum. stratum lucidum. - CORRECT ANSWER stratum basale Albinism is the inherited inability to produce carotene. keratin. melanocytes. both melanin and carotene. melanin. - CORRECT ANSWER melanin You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale - CORRECT ANSWER corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale Which gland produces sweat? Ceruminous gland Sebaceous gland Salivary gland Sudoriferous gland - CORRECT ANSWER Sudoriferous gland Which gland secretes its product into a hair follicle? Ceruminous Sebaceous Sweat Sudoriferous - CORRECT ANSWER sebaceous Vitamin D, following activation in the skin, is converted to the hormone calcitriol by enzymes in the liver and kidneys. People in northern climates who may not get adequate sun exposure can become deficient in vitamin D. What mineral would be especially affected by this? iron iodine calcium magnesium sodium - CORRECT ANSWER calcium Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? Sebaceous glands Stratum lucidum Melanocytes Sweat glands Epidermal ridges - CORRECT ANSWER sweat glands In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect the ability to grow hair the ability to produce vitamin D the ability to feel sensations the ability to thermoregulate - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to thermoregulate How do nutrients reach the epidermis? the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis Which of the following events occurs only in mitosis, but not meiosis? a. formation of mitotic spindle b. formation of two diploid cells from a diploid cell c. synapsis and crossing-over d. separation of sister chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER b. formation of to diploid cells from a diploid cells Secretions of ______ glands accumulate a secretory product in their cytosol. As the secretory cell matures, it ruptures and becomes the secretory products. a. merocrine b. apocrine c. holocrine d. endocrine - CORRECT ANSWER c. holocrine Which of the following is a feature of the connective tissue? a. usually occurs on body surface b. Plays roles as the major transport system within the body (blood, lymph) c. cells are arranged in sheets (single or multiple layers) and densely packed d. Carries sensory or motor information and perform integrative functions - CORRECT ANSWER plays roles as the major transport system within the body The ___ muscle tissue consist of striated, unbranched fibers that contain many peripherally located nuclei a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. all of them - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal