MED SURG 1- LPN Study Guide Exam Questions And Answers 100% Accurate(rated a+)2024.

Glycosuria appears when the blood glucose level rises above - correct answer 180 mg/dL At this leve renal threshold the ability to reabsorb glucose and return it to the bloodstream, is impaired. Ideally, with finger testing, the blood sugar should measure 90 to 130 mg/dL before meals and - correct answer <180 mg/dL 1 to 2 hours after meals. Tight glucose control involves maintaining near-normal blood glucose levels by taking short-acting insulin throughout the day and - correct answer intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime. Controlling blood glucose levels can delay the onset of complications associated with diabetes. The results of this A1c test reflect the amount of glucose that is stored in the hemoglobin molecule during its life span of 120 days - correct answer the hemoglobin molecule during its life span of 120 days. Normally, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin is less than 7%. a hemoglobin A1c of 7% is the equivalent of an average blood glucose level of 150. 8% or greater indicate that control of the client's blood glucose level has been inadequate during the previous 2 to 3 months. Oral antidiabetic drugs also known as hypoglycemic agents are prescribed for clients with type 2 diabetes who meet the following criteria: - correct answer Fasting blood glucose level less than 200 mg/dL Insulin requirement of less than 40 units/day No ketoacidosis No renal or hepatic disease Use of alcohol with some oral hypoglycemic drugs may result in - correct answer abdominal cramps, nausea, flushing, headache, and hypoglycemia. . When oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) occurs before puberty (when the ends [epiphyses] of the long bones are not yet fully united), - correct answer gigantism results When secretion of GH during childhood is insufficient, - correct answer dwarfism occurs Oversecretion of GH during adulthood results in - correct answer acromegaly. an absence of pituitary hormonal activity causes panhypopituitarism, or - correct answer Simmonds' disease. insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1, a hormone released by the liver, - correct answer stimulates the growth of bones and tissue Unchecked GH allows sustained production of IGF-1, leading to - correct answer lengthening and widening of bones, organ enlargement, increased blood glucose levels, and hyperlipidemia. Skull radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) reveal - correct answer pituitary enlargement A glucose tolerance test in combination with a GH measurement is the most reliable method of confirming - correct answer acromegaly Ingestion of a bolus of glucose should lower GH levels, - correct answer but GH levels remain elevated in persons with acromegaly Hypophysectomy is the treatment of choice for acromegaly - correct answer surgical removal of the pituitary gland, which lies within the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone. The gland is removed by piercing the sphenoid with either a sublabial (under the upper lip) approach Bromocriptine and cabergoline are used alone or in conjunction with pituitary irradiation or surgery to - correct answer reduce the serum GH growth hormone level; inhibit the release of GH in clients with acromegaly Deficiency of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) requires replacement with - correct answer levothyroxine (Synthroid) or liothyronine (Cytomel) for the client's lifetime For Simmond Disease the nurse - correct answer -administers all hormone replacements. -Teach the client to adhere to the medication schedule & never to omit a dose -monitors blood hormone levels & assesses mental status, emotional state, energy level, & appetite. -alert to any alterations in nutrition. Most clients with Simmonds' disease tolerate - correct answer four to six small meals per day better than three regular meals. The difference in nephrogenic & neurogenic Diabete Inipidus is,in nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus the secretion of ADH is - correct answer normal, but the receptors in the renal tubules partially or completely fail to respond to the hormone. ADH (also known as vasopressin - correct answer