UTA Microbiology Chapter 2 Graded A Q&A Complete

Reflection - The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass. Transmission - the passage of light through an object Interference - the combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave Diffraction - The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening Refraction - Change direction and or speed refractive index - a measure of the light-bending ability of a medium Refractive index equation - 300,000kps/speed kps convex lens - A lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges Magnify concave lens - A lens that is thinner in the center than at the edges Reading glasses Frequency increases from - Violet to red Magnification - An increase in the apparent size of an object contrast - Stark difference in colorationResolution - Ability to tell two separate points shorter wavelength - Higher resolution longer wavelength - lower resolution numerical aperture - the ability of a lens to gather light First simple microscope - Leeuwenhoek First compound microscope - Zacharias Janssen First to describe cells - Robert Hooke light microscope - Bright field darkfeild phase-contrast fluorescence confocal two photon electron microscope - Transmission and Scanning transmission electron microscope - An electron microscope used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells scanning electron microscope - An electron microscope used to study the fine details of cell surfaces Scanning Probe Microscope - Atomic scale microscope Viruses and smaller wet mount - Good for live specimenFixed mount - made by drying and heating a film of specimen good for staining gram stain negative - pink color; retains the stain; thin layer of peptidoglycan gram stain positive - -thick layer of peptidoglycan -no LPS layer -stains purple Simple stains - Emphasizes structures Single stain differential stain - 2+ stains acid fast stain definition - Detects mycolic acid and Mycobacterium app. acid fast stain procedure - 1) heat fix smear 2) carbofuschin stain 3) decolorizer 4) methylene blue No Mordant