ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy/ Immunotherapy Lesson 11: Targeted Therapies Test Questions And Answers Graded A+ 2024.

How targeted therapy and chemo differ - Answer -targeted therapies act on specific molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells) Goals of targeted therapy - Answer -disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant therapy -improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination with conventional therapies -controlling or stabilizing disease -maintaining or enhancing quality of life -decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies Ligand - Answer a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a biologic effect Ligand Binding - Answer process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site and activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway Dimerization - Answer two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals Kinase - Answer type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive phosphorylation - Answer activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling