CRW2601 - 9. CULPABILITY EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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CRW2601 - 9. CULPABILITY
CRW2601 - 9. CULPABILITY EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is Culpability? - correct answer Mens rea = fault. The mere fact that a person has committed an unlawful act which complies with the definitional elements and which is unlawful is not yet sufficient to render him criminally liab...
CRW2601 - 9. CULPABILITY EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is Culpability? - correct answer ✔✔ Mens rea = fault. The mere fact that a person has committed an unlawful act which complies with the definitional elements and which is unlawful is not yet sufficient to render him criminally liable: X's conduct must be accompanied by culpability. Will be the case if he has committed the unlawful act in a blameworthy state of mind.
Unlawfulness v Culpability:
Unlawfulness: Agnostic to personal characteristics of perpetrator.
Culpability: Personal characteristics of perpetrator taken into consideration. Person must be endowed with criminal capacity before person has acted culpably. X must have acted either intentionally or negligently. Thus: culpability = criminal capacity + (intention or negligence)
The culpability and the unlawful act must be contemporaneous. No crime is committed if culpability only
existed prior to the commission of the unlawful act, but not at the moment the act was committed, or if it came into being only after the commission of the unlawful act. (Case: Masilela 1968)
What is Criminal Capacity? - correct answer ✔✔ A person is endowed with criminal capacity if he has the
mental ability to 1. appreciate the wrongfulness of his act or omission, and 2. act in accordance with such an appreciation of the wrongfulness of his act or omission.
Discuss Criminal Capacity vs Intention. - correct answer ✔✔ The question whether X acted intentionally or negligently arises only once it is established that he had criminal capacity.
Criminal Capacity: Connected with mental abilities
Intention: Presence or absence of a certain attitude or state of mind
Not knowing something is unlawful means that X acted without intention, not that he is without criminal
capacity.
Discuss Two psychological legs of test. - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Ability to appreciate wrongfulness (cognitive)
2. Ability to act accordance with such an appreciation (conative) Cognitive:
1. Emphasis on insight and understanding.
2. Insight.
3. Ability to differentiate.
Conative:
1. Self control.
2. Ability to conduct oneself in accordance with what is right and wrong.
3. Power of resistance.
Discuss Particular Defences excluding criminal capacity. - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Mental illness
2. Youthfulness
Defence can only succeed if the mental inabilities are the result of particular circumscribed mental characteristics to be found in the perpetrator. Subject to certain rules only applicable to these defences (mental illness by sections 77 to 79 of Criminal Procedure Act , youthfulness by arbitrary age)
Discuss General Defence excluding criminal capacity. - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Defence of non-
pathological criminal incapacity
Not dependent upon the existence of specific factors or characteristics of the perpetrator which lead to his criminal incapacity. Defence may succeed without any need of proving that at the time of the commission of the act X was suffering from a mental illness. Sufficient to prove that X lacked criminal capacity for only a relatively brief period and that the criminal incapacity was not a manifestation of an ailing or sick (pathological) mental disturbance. Eadie 2002 casts doubt as to whether defence still exists.
Described in Laubscher 1988. NPCI adopted in order to distinguish it from mental illness as described in section 78 of the CPA.
Discuss (non-pathological criminal incapacity) in relation to Eadie 2002. - correct answer ✔✔ 1. NPCI (non-pathological criminal incapacity) : before Eadie 2002.
Not necessary to prove that X's mental inabilities resulted from certain specific causes. If court is satisfied that X lacked criminal capacity, X must be found not guilty, irrespective of the cause of the inability. Emotional collapse due to shock, fear, anger, concussion. Could stem from:
a) Intoxication
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