Anthropology 111 Montana State University Exam 1 Review Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Culture (Earliest Evidences) - Answer-1. Learned behaviors, beliefs, characteristics of a particular society or population. 2. Traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs. 3. beginning of religious thought, storytelling, creating science/art/music/poetry/song/speech 4. culture rooted in biology, general intelligence/size of neocortex 4 modules of theory of mind - Answer-1. Social: Understand behavior 2. Physics: Understand motion/action/reaction 3. Linguistics: Speak 4. Natural History: Behavior of plants/animals Culture (Theory of Mind) - Answer-Defined: Capacity for others to have thoughts, at least 2 modules or levels required. 3 levels is precursor to culture Neanderthals had ~4 levels Homo Erectus ~3 levels Homo habilis, aust'cines ~2 levels Modern humans have 5 levels intentionally Fifth level "Links" all of the others Language is the ________________ for culture. - Answer-Pre-Condition Characteristics of Bipedalism - Answer--Plays a role in the ability to make range of sounds -Skull sits on top of spinal cord (foramen magnum) -Vertebral column moves closer to mouth -Larynx shifts-Larger throat chamber (more sounds) All cultures contain __________ thought. - Answer-Religious Feel-thinking - Answer-Feeling and thinking at the same time, because you can't do one without the other. Benefits of feel-thinking - Answer-Feel-thinking can help increase awareness because of the process of gaining knowledge about the world and one's self. Northern Balinese hold this responsible for 50% of deaths - Answer-"Black magic and Sorcery" "Bright Face Protects" - Answer-(Story of girl not showing any signs of mourning over death) 1. Expression of friendliness and good relations 2. Cushions against the offense and revenge one might provoke should others see one's true heart. 3. Therapeutic device, strengthens vital spirit, protects against illness and black spirit 3 Dimensions of Archaeological Data - Answer-1. Space: Location of an artifact within a building, or building within a community 2. Time: Dating 3. Form: Physical aspects, structures and sites Over time, the popularity of a culture will have a _________ _______. - Answer-single peak "Seriation" is... - Answer-A technique developed using pottery types from pre-historic sites in the lower Mississippi River. -Used to evaluate gravestone styles Gravestones can be used to understand.... - Answer-Style change, which reflects behavior, culture, and tradition changes.Three basic gravestone designs - Answer-1. Earliest: Winged death head with blank eyes and grinning visage. 2. Less elaborate over time, death heads replaced by winged cherubs. 3. Cherubs replaced by willow tree overlapping urn - willows symbolic for commemoration. Who found a ring of stones thought to represent the foundation of a shelter built by our earliest ancestors, the australopithecine? - Answer-Archaeologist Louis Leakey Earliest homes are thought to be ________________ years old - Answer-~1 million The family is the most ______ ________ _______ of the human species (formed by "house") - Answerbasic social unit Two building types - Answer-1. Vernacular: folk building, without formal planning, immediate product of their users - indication of builders inner feelings, traditions, cultures etc. 2. Academic: come from plans by trained architects, less indicative of lifestyles and popular culture The scientific method (6 steps) - Answer-1. Idea 2. Hypothesis 3. Test Hypothesis (Experiment) 4. Observations 5. Reformulate Hypothesis 6. Form a theory/conclusion