PSY 121 exam 1 questions and answers all are correct

psychology - the scientific study of behavior and mental processes objective introspection - the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities functionalism - early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play Gestalt psychology - early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole firgures psychoanalysis - Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based no it; an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscicous conflicts behaviorism - the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only psychodynamic perspective - modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person's behavior than sexual motivations behavioral perspective - psychological perspective that focuses on how behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning humanistic perspective - psychological perspective that focuses on human potential, free will, and possibility of self-actualization cognitive perspective - modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because the conditioned stimulus provides information or expectancy about the coming of the unconditioned stimuluscognitive neuroscience - study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking sociocultural perspective - psychological perspective that focuses on the behavior of individuals as the result of the presence (real or imagined) of other individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a larger culture biophysical perspective - psychological perspective that focuses on influences of hormones, brain structures and chemicals, disease, etc.; human and animal behavior as seen as a direct result of events in the body evolutionary perspective - psychological perspective that focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how attractiveness influences mate selection, the universality of fear, and why we enjoy things like music and dance psychologist - a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology psychiatrist - a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders psychiatric social worker - a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse basic research - research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge applied research - research aimed at answering real-world, practical problems scientific method - system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reducedhypothesis - tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations replicate - in research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results observer effect - tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed participant observation - a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed observer bias - tendency of observers to see what they expect to see case study - study of one individual in great detail representative sample - randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects population - the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested correlation - a measure of the relationship between two variables correlation coefficient - a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation experiment - a deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships operational definition - definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured independent variable - variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenterdependent variable - variable in an experiment that represent the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment