Discriminative Stimulus - Answer-Being able to discriminate b/t different stimuli
The difference between our cell phone ringing and the doorbell ringing, when you are training someone's behavior, it is important that the individual can differentiate between the different ringing
Extinction -...
CBT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Discriminative Stimulus - Answer-Being able to discriminate b/t different stimuli
The difference between our cell phone ringing and the doorbell ringing, when you are
training someone's behavior, it is important that the individual can differentiate between
the different ringing
Extinction - Answer-the diminishing of a "learned" or "conditioned" response, when an
unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus (happens in Operant
Conditioning when a response is no longer being reinforced).
Stop reinforcing behavior
Ex) kid screams in the grocery store, mom buys him candy; extinction: mom stops buy
candy when kid screams, and eventually he stops screaming
Extinction Burst - Answer-a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of
responding when extinction is first implemented
Fading - Answer-the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus
Fixed Interval Schedule - Answer-a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response
only after a specified time has elapsed (ex. Skinner put rats in a box w/ a lever
connected to a feeder. It only provided reinforcement after 60 secs. The rats learned it
didn't matter how early/often they pushed the lever, they had to wait set amount of time.
As the set amount of time came to an end, the rats became more active in hitting the
lever)
Functional Analysis - Answer-causes and consequences of a behavior
Generalization - Answer-the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for
stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Negative punishment - Answer-When a desirable event ends or when an item is taken
away after a behavior. Ex. Getting your cell phone taken away after failing multiple
classes on your progress report.
Negative reinforcement - Answer-the removal of an unpleasant or adverse stimulus that
increases the probability of that response happening again (ex. putting on a seatbelt to
make the annoying seatbelt buzzer stop) (negative=subtract/remove
Overcorrection - Answer-a punishment with a penalty- ex) a woman makes a mess of
her room, so she has to clean her room and make everyone's bed in the unit
, Positive punishment - Answer-Add something in order to decrease a behavior
Ex: Spanking
Positive reinforcement - Answer-a stimulus presented after a response that increases
the probability of that response happening again (ex. Getting paid for good grades or
gaining privileges at home for good behavior) (positive=add or apply)
Habituation - Answer-an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus w/ repeated
exposure to it. Ex. Car horn or emergency vehicle sirens while you're driving in the city
that you ignore/don't notice much
Shaping - Answer-Successive approximations of a desired behavior (ex. Teach dog to
sit, by first standing still)
A technique where new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar
to the desired response
Systematic Desensitization - Answer-Treatment for phobias, or other strong conditioned
emotions, in which the client is exposed to progressively more anxiety-inducing stimuli
and taught relaxation techniques
Major Steps:
-Rationale
-Assessment
--Identification of emotion-provoking situations
--Imagery assessment
-Intervention
--Hierarchy construction
--Selection and training of counter-conditioning or coping response
--Scene presentation
-Homework and follow-up
Token Economy - Answer-A token economy is a form of behavior modification designed
to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of
tokens. Individuals receive tokens immediately after displaying desirable behavior. The
tokens are collected and later exchanged for a meaningful object or privilege.
B.F. Skinner - Answer-Became famous for his ideas in behaviorism and his work w/
rats; his ideas center around operant conditioning, which, in essence, is the idea that
behavioral responses are strengthened when followed by a reinforcer and diminished
when followed by a punisher
Ivan Pavlov - Answer-famous contributor in the study of learning (1849-1936); originally
studied salivation and digestion, but he stumbled upon what has become known as
"classical conditioning" while he was experimenting on his dog. He discovered that a
neutral stimulus (any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning),
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