CHEMISTRY MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS CLASS 9 CHAPTER 1 NOTES

MATTERS

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{o}MATTER:- Anything things which occupies space is called matter.


( MATTER ARE MADE UP OF PARTCLES )

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{o}PARTICLES:- Chemicals combination of two or more atoms is called particles.


|-(1) Intermolecular force [I.M.F.]---the force that act b/w
|
two molecules and help them to bind together.
|
{ Characteristics of paricles}-----------------------(2)Intermolecular space
[I.M.S.]---the space b/w two
|
molecules.
|

|-(3)Kinetic energy---the energy which is poses by virtue

of motion(velocity) of an object.


[ PHYSICAL STATE OF
MATTER ]

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{o}SOLID:- The pysical satate of matter that hasfixed shape and fixed volume.
{o}LIQUID:- The physical state of matter that has fixed volume but not fixed shape.
{o}GAS:- The physiacl state of matter which has neither fixed shape nor foxed
volume.


(CHARACTERISTICS):- (SOLID) (LIQUID)
(GAS)

{i} I.M.F.----------------------------------------------
[high]--------------------------[low]----------------------[very low]
{ii}I.M.S.-------------------------------------------[very
low]----------------------[high]---------------------[very high]
{iii}K.E.---------------------------------------------[very
low]----------------------[high]---------------------[very high]
{iv}RIGIDITY--------------------------------------
[yes]---------------------------[no]-----------------------------[no]
{v}COMPRESSEBILITY-------------------[no]----------------------------
[yes]----------------------------[yes]
{vi}BOILING TEMP.-------------------------[high]--------------------------
[low]--------------------------[very low]
{vii}MELTING POINT----------------------[high]--------------------------
[low]--------------------------[very low]
{viii}DENSITY-------------------------------------
[high]--------------------------[low]--------------------------[very low]

, (LIQUID)
/
\
solidification ------------> / \
<---------condensation
/
\
<-----------fusion/melting / \
vapourisation/boiling-------->
/
\
/
\
/
\
/
\
/
\
/ <----------------
depostion \
(SOLID)_______________________(GAS)
sublimation-------------
>


DIFFUSION
________________

{0} Diffusion:-The intermixing of particles of different types of matter on their
own.
------------------------------diffusion based on the motion (or movement) of its
particles------------------------------------------------
------------------------------the rate of diffusion increase on increasing the
temperature--------------------------------------

{o} S.I. Unit of temperature is KELVIN (K)

------temp. in kelvin= Celcious degree+273
------temp. in Celcious= K - 273


( We can change the state of matter of matter is 2 ways
)

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-------i) by changing the temperature.
-------ii) by cahnging the pressure.

{o}MELTING POINT:- The temp. at which a solid melts and change with liquid at
atmospheric
pressure.

{o}BOILING POINT:- The temp. at which a substance change into gases at atmospheric
pressure.