ADJ 107 Quiz 2 Questions and Answers 2024 Graded A+; Northern Virginia Community College

ADJ 107 Quiz 2 Questions and Answers 2024 Graded A+; Northern Virginia Community College 1. In the most basic form, is simply the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. A. Criminal Justice B. Criminology C. Sociology D. Psychology 2. The is the amount of crime not reported to authorities, thus not, included in official data. A. Shadow Figure B. Unidentified Percent C. Unknown Figure D. Dark Figure 3. What is a set of interconnected statements or propositions that explain how two or more events or factors are related to one another? A. Theory B. Belief C. Suggestion D. Hypothesis 4. Who developed the psychoanalytic theory? A. Ronald Akers B. Edwin Sutherland C. Robert Merton D. Sigmund Freud 5. According to the School of thought criminal behavior is not a result of individual traits, rather a function of personal choices combined with environmental conditions. A. Chicago B. Positivism C. Harvard D. Classical 6. The foundation for the theory can be traced back to sociologists, Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay. A. Psychoanalytic B. Social Disorganization C. Cultural Deviance D. Social Reaction 7. Edwin Sutherland was a prominent social learning theorist who later developed which theory in 1939? A Differential Association Theory B. Social Disorganization Theory C. Social Bond Theory D. General Strain Theory 8. David Matza and Gresham Sykes developed the theory to explain criminal behavior. A. Arousal B. Social Conflict C. Attachment D. Neutralization 9. Who developed the social bond theory in 1969? A. Robert Merton B. Robert Sampson C. Travis Hirschi D. Jeremy Bentham 10. Which of the following is not one of the main principles of the social bond theory? A. Attachment B. Involvement C. Commitment D. Love 11. The “labeling theory” is closely related to sociologist who believes labels permit an individual to become an “outsider” in society. A. Jack Katz B. Howard Becker C. Travis Hirschi D. Edwin Sutherland 12. Social process theories specifically the social reaction theory greatly impacted the justice system throughout the United States. A. Federal B. Juvenile C. Military D. Civil 13. Criminology is a multidisciplinary science involving all of the following fields except: A. Sociology B. Political Science C. Psychology D. Engineering 14. Historically, criminologists have used various forms of data collection including all of the following except: A. National Criminological Database (NCD) B. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) C. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) D. Self-Reporting Surveys 15. Modern criminologists who focus their attention on crime victims usually refer to themselves as . A. Behaviorists B. Victimologists C. Victim Witness Advocates D. Crime Solvers