Biology 30 Unit C1 Cell division
✅
Asexual vs sexual cell division- asex- occurs in body(somatic)
cells-mitosis- due to scarring/muscle
sex-happens in gonads-meosis- 2 GAMETeS ( ovum and sperm also
called sex cells meet both with halploid to form diploid)- baby
✅
why does cell division occur- volume is 3x while surface area is only 2x
so needs to split to carry out functions normally cells die
Production of gametes- continuation of species
passing of genetic info DNA( needed for a cell to produce another)
✅
formes of cromosones from most condensed to least
condensed- Chromosome- chromatin compact version and only seen
during active cell division(mitosis). Genes are not accessible for use by the
cells. Used as an easy way to move genetic info.
Chromatin- loose, looks like a telephone cord. How DNA exists most of the
time with genes accessible and ready to carry out the function of making
protein
Nucleosome-Dna+protein ball
Histones- the protein in the middle of ball DNA Helix- Chemical structure of
the DNA
Gene- DNA sequence (many pairs) located on cromosone
Base pair- made by Nitrogen and the two pairs are (a and t) ( g and c)
1 gene= 1 protein
✅
Humans and chromosomes the specification of the 23- 2n=46 in humans
2 means DIPOLES
n is the number of pairs that differ between animals
can be compared to socks. there are pairs of 2 and in totla, there are 46
individual socks/ chromosomes
, 22/23- AUTOSOMES- the nonsex-related chromosomes in all humans. Are
all HOMOLOGUS (same size shape and gene arrangement)? GENE is an
overarching umbrella term and in a homologous pair they should have the
same gene compartments. In each chromosome of the pair, they may have
different types- ALLELES.
23rd pair- is sex chromosome if it is the female xx they are homologous if
its xy it is not homologous
✅
Thomas Hunt Morgan and his discovery- when researching fruit flies he
realized that different sex has one different pair of chromosome relating to
sex that gives them certain characteristics.
✅
Karyotypestype- undifferentiated chromosomes arranged of homologous
pairs by size shape and the CENTERMERE.
can use to determine cromosone disorders like triosomy 21 and 23 and
monosomy 23
✅
Cell cycle and genral descriptions- cell division results in two identical
daughter cells being produced from the parent cell after duplication of
genetic material. Can see it as also the splitting of OG cells into 2
works in 5 phases
INTERPHASE
DUPLICATION OF CROMATID
INTERPHASE
→ At this point the cell grows and genetic material in the cell duplicates and
prep for division happens
→90% of cell activity is interphase.
MITOSIS
→10% is the actual splitting after DNA has already been copied. and
includes
Prophase( duplicated form becomes condensed CHROMOSOMES and
now are duplicated chromosonmes or sister chromatids. centrioles go to
poles and develop fibers)
✅
Asexual vs sexual cell division- asex- occurs in body(somatic)
cells-mitosis- due to scarring/muscle
sex-happens in gonads-meosis- 2 GAMETeS ( ovum and sperm also
called sex cells meet both with halploid to form diploid)- baby
✅
why does cell division occur- volume is 3x while surface area is only 2x
so needs to split to carry out functions normally cells die
Production of gametes- continuation of species
passing of genetic info DNA( needed for a cell to produce another)
✅
formes of cromosones from most condensed to least
condensed- Chromosome- chromatin compact version and only seen
during active cell division(mitosis). Genes are not accessible for use by the
cells. Used as an easy way to move genetic info.
Chromatin- loose, looks like a telephone cord. How DNA exists most of the
time with genes accessible and ready to carry out the function of making
protein
Nucleosome-Dna+protein ball
Histones- the protein in the middle of ball DNA Helix- Chemical structure of
the DNA
Gene- DNA sequence (many pairs) located on cromosone
Base pair- made by Nitrogen and the two pairs are (a and t) ( g and c)
1 gene= 1 protein
✅
Humans and chromosomes the specification of the 23- 2n=46 in humans
2 means DIPOLES
n is the number of pairs that differ between animals
can be compared to socks. there are pairs of 2 and in totla, there are 46
individual socks/ chromosomes
, 22/23- AUTOSOMES- the nonsex-related chromosomes in all humans. Are
all HOMOLOGUS (same size shape and gene arrangement)? GENE is an
overarching umbrella term and in a homologous pair they should have the
same gene compartments. In each chromosome of the pair, they may have
different types- ALLELES.
23rd pair- is sex chromosome if it is the female xx they are homologous if
its xy it is not homologous
✅
Thomas Hunt Morgan and his discovery- when researching fruit flies he
realized that different sex has one different pair of chromosome relating to
sex that gives them certain characteristics.
✅
Karyotypestype- undifferentiated chromosomes arranged of homologous
pairs by size shape and the CENTERMERE.
can use to determine cromosone disorders like triosomy 21 and 23 and
monosomy 23
✅
Cell cycle and genral descriptions- cell division results in two identical
daughter cells being produced from the parent cell after duplication of
genetic material. Can see it as also the splitting of OG cells into 2
works in 5 phases
INTERPHASE
DUPLICATION OF CROMATID
INTERPHASE
→ At this point the cell grows and genetic material in the cell duplicates and
prep for division happens
→90% of cell activity is interphase.
MITOSIS
→10% is the actual splitting after DNA has already been copied. and
includes
Prophase( duplicated form becomes condensed CHROMOSOMES and
now are duplicated chromosonmes or sister chromatids. centrioles go to
poles and develop fibers)
