3 features of the authoritarian personality:
Submissive to superiors
Dismissive to inferiors
Highly prejudiced
Authoritarian personalities develop due to harsh parenting
styles in childhood. e.g. strict discipline, criticism of failings etc.
As the child cannot express their feelings they displace these
on others who they deem weaker (scapegoating)
Authoritarian
F-scale measures authoritarian personality but it
has acquiescence bias (all questions worded in the
same direction) and is politically biased (very right
Personality
wing, does not account for left wing
authoritarianism). (Adorno)
F-scale was used on 2000 m/c Americans
Stages of Minority Influence:
Minority Influence
Social
Draw attention to their beliefs
Consistency, commitment and
flexibility shown
Deeper processing of the issue in the
majority group
Augmentation principle
(Moscovici)
Influence
The snowball effect
Social Cryptoamnesia
Some
The minority should not be rigid in thinking
Definitions
(dogmatic), they should be committed
(willing to sacrifice), flexible (take into
account reasonable critism) and be
consistent (Diachronic= saying the same
, Peterson and Peterson- The students had to recall nonsense constonant
triads e.g. THG, XWV at different intervals (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds).
To prevent rehearsal the students had to count backwards in threes or
fours from a specific number, until they were asked to recall the letters.
Peterson & Peterson found that the longer the interval the less accurate
the recall. At 3 seconds, around 80% of the trigrams were correctly
recalled, whereas at 18 seconds only 10% were correctly recalled.
Peterson & Peterson concluded that short-term memory has a limited
duration of approximately 18 seconds.
Short term
memory and
Baddeley (1966)- Gave participants word lists to
learn- one semantically different, acoustically
Long term
similar.
Participants struggled short term with list 2
and long term with list 1.
memory
Baddeley concluded that LTM is encoded
semantically and STM acoustically.
Types of LTM- Semantic, episodic and
procedural memory
Goodwin (1969)- State dependant
forgetting--> Participants had to learn
Forgetting
a word list either drunk or sober.
Memory
Recall of words was best when they
were in the original state that they
learnt the lists
Abernathy (1940)- Context dependent forgetting-->
Students tested in different conditions: by their
regular instructor in their usual teaching room/
different one, or by a different instructor in usual
teaching room/ different one.
Results were best when tested in their usual room
by their usual instructor Some Definitions
Submissive to superiors
Dismissive to inferiors
Highly prejudiced
Authoritarian personalities develop due to harsh parenting
styles in childhood. e.g. strict discipline, criticism of failings etc.
As the child cannot express their feelings they displace these
on others who they deem weaker (scapegoating)
Authoritarian
F-scale measures authoritarian personality but it
has acquiescence bias (all questions worded in the
same direction) and is politically biased (very right
Personality
wing, does not account for left wing
authoritarianism). (Adorno)
F-scale was used on 2000 m/c Americans
Stages of Minority Influence:
Minority Influence
Social
Draw attention to their beliefs
Consistency, commitment and
flexibility shown
Deeper processing of the issue in the
majority group
Augmentation principle
(Moscovici)
Influence
The snowball effect
Social Cryptoamnesia
Some
The minority should not be rigid in thinking
Definitions
(dogmatic), they should be committed
(willing to sacrifice), flexible (take into
account reasonable critism) and be
consistent (Diachronic= saying the same
, Peterson and Peterson- The students had to recall nonsense constonant
triads e.g. THG, XWV at different intervals (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds).
To prevent rehearsal the students had to count backwards in threes or
fours from a specific number, until they were asked to recall the letters.
Peterson & Peterson found that the longer the interval the less accurate
the recall. At 3 seconds, around 80% of the trigrams were correctly
recalled, whereas at 18 seconds only 10% were correctly recalled.
Peterson & Peterson concluded that short-term memory has a limited
duration of approximately 18 seconds.
Short term
memory and
Baddeley (1966)- Gave participants word lists to
learn- one semantically different, acoustically
Long term
similar.
Participants struggled short term with list 2
and long term with list 1.
memory
Baddeley concluded that LTM is encoded
semantically and STM acoustically.
Types of LTM- Semantic, episodic and
procedural memory
Goodwin (1969)- State dependant
forgetting--> Participants had to learn
Forgetting
a word list either drunk or sober.
Memory
Recall of words was best when they
were in the original state that they
learnt the lists
Abernathy (1940)- Context dependent forgetting-->
Students tested in different conditions: by their
regular instructor in their usual teaching room/
different one, or by a different instructor in usual
teaching room/ different one.
Results were best when tested in their usual room
by their usual instructor Some Definitions
