FAU BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 1 EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% PASS GUARANTEED WITH DETAILED SOLUTIONS & APPROVED 2024

/Giardia/ ((italicized)) - inflammation in digestive track; contaminated water HINT: be on your GUARD (giardia) when drinking water in a different country 3 kinds of Protista - fungus-like, animal-like, plant-like **because Protista are POLYphyletic, fungus-like is closer to fungi than animal-lke About the Eras - Precambrian- single celled bacteria (before Paleozoic) Paleozoic- paleo means old; age of invertebrates then vertebrates evolved Mesozoic- meso means middle; dinosaurs (reptiles) Cenozoic- ceno means recent; big rock hit; age of mammals & vertebrates ANIMAL LIKE PROTISTS - Phylum Sarcodina (flesh spin) Pseudopods— false feet Amoebae Foraminiferans— produce calcium Radiolarians— composed of Silvia dioxide Autotrophs - Make their own food from organic molecules; some of the oldest fossils were autotrophs Binomial nomenclature - capitalize 1st letter & underline to signify italics. Writing it like this shows that its a scientific name aka GENUS Cellular Slime Molds - Phylum Ascrasiomycota Pseudo plasmodiumA raisin— phermone released to attract cells to form pseudoplasmodium Chemotrophs - obtain energy from chemicals obtained without light CHOOSE: Earliest life forms were anaerobic/aerobic and autotrophic/heterotrophic - Earliest life forms were anaerobic and heterotrophic Cretaceous Extinction - occurred between Mesozoic and Cenozoic; whiped out everything. rip dinosaurs. Cyanobacteria - earliest discovered fossils, not found in extreme conditions. Should NOT be called blue green algae because algae is a eukaryote and cyanobacteria is a prokaryote Not considered an actual bacteria because it has chlorophyll (which turns into a chloroplast) Divine King Phillip Came Over From Greece Singing - Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species DOMAIN EUKARYA - DOMAIN EUKARYA Endosymbiotic Hypothesis - A process in which a unicellular organism (the "host") engulfs another cell, which lives within the host cell and ultimately becomes an organelle in the host cell; also refers to the hypothesis in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes. Bacteria are likely ancestors for mitochondria and chloroplasts Era Time Zone - 600 mil yrs ago Paleozoic began. 230 mil ended it. 230 mil yrs ago Mesozoic began. 65 mil ended it. 65 mil yrs ago Cenozoic began. Current day.Genosperms - genosperm like pines were evolved from hit because they protected themselves from dinosaurs (think of pines; very deadly to consume) H2S vs H2O - H2S was originally being used to be the source of high energy electrons in photosynthesis because the first organisms were anaerobic (the byproduct then became sulfur). Eventually, H2O became the source of high energy electrons in photosynthesis (the byproduct then became oxygen). Lead to Oxygen Crisis. Haldon-Oparin Hypothesis - life arose spontaneously from methane, ammonia, water & energy sources HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS - fungus like Kingdom Archaezoe - LACKS MITOCHONDRIA BUT NUCLEI PRESENT Kingdom Protista - Diverse group; polyphyletic Can be consumers, producers or moth (mixotroph) Milley-Urey experiment - Tested Haldane-Oparin hypothesis Contemporary scientist think that methane & ammonia were likely ABSENT in early atmosphere Organic molecules: CO, CO2, H2 (not much), N2 and H2O Oxygen Crisis - chemically, oxygen is a corrosive element to organic molecules. Led to birth of eukaryotic cell Pangea - formed during the END of Paleozoic and the BEGINNING of Mesozoic Laurasia- upper part of Pangea Gondwana- lower part of Pangea Continents formed at the beginning of CenozoicPanspermia - idea that organic molecules were brought to earth by meteorites/asteroids. Organic material would have come from outer space. Phototrophs - organisms that get energy from light Phylum Ciliophora - possess cilia; arguably the single most complicated cell on planet earth Specialized organelles: Contractile vacuoles; get rid of excess water (cell in fresh water will increase in volume; most cilia are in fresh water aka hypotonic) Trichocyst— stinging structure Paramecium— single celled freshwater animal that has a characteristic slipper like shape and is covered with cilia Phylum Mastigophora "Zooflagelletes" (sperm are flagella) - MOSTLY SYMBIOTIC Mostly parasitic or commensal Primordial Soup Theory - suggests that 3.8 billion to 3.55 billion years ago life began in a pond or ocean because of the combination of chemicals from the atmosphere and some form of energy to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, which would then evolve into the first species on Earth Q. Flightless birds were all originally in Southwest continents. How did they get to southern continents if they are flightless? - A. Plate tectonics & continental drift! Q. How do we know the earliest organisms didn't have chloroplasts - A. If chloroplasts were first, making your own food wouldn't be considered an advantage meaning we'd all have chloroplasts. There was enough food back then that making it wasn't necessary. RNA - earliest cells contained RNA through discovery of RETROVIRUSES (home could perform REVERSE TRANSCIPTION meaning RNA - DNA) RNA makes copies of DNA & can act as enzymesROOTS - Dina— terrible or spinning Phora— to possess; to have Ciliophora— cilia Mastigophora— has flagella Sarco— flesh Mycota- refers to fungi