Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023), Chapter 1-32 | All Chapters
- Vak
- Instelling
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023), Chapter 1-32 | All Chapters
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 10 van de 368 pagina's
Voorbeeld 10 van de 368 pagina's
In winkelwagen
In winkelwagen
gesponsord bericht van onze partner
1 beoordeling
Door: christopherjoseph • 1 maand geleden
Verkoper
Volgen
AllStudyGuides
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
TEST BANKBiochemistry
Jeremy M. Berg, Gregory J. Gatto, Jr., Justin Hines, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer
10th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Biochemistry in Space and Time 1
Chapter 02: Protein Composition and Structure 11
Chapter 03: Binding and Molecular Recognition 22
Chapter 04: Protein Methods 34
Chapter 05: Enzymes: Core Concepts and Kinetics 45
Chapter 06: Enzyme Catalytic Strategies 56
Chapter 07: Enzyme Regulatory Strategies 68
Chapter 08: DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information 79
Chapter 09: Nucleic Acid Methods 91
Chapter 10: Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics 102
Chapter 11: Carbohydrates and Glycoproteins 114
Chapter 12: Lipids and Biological Membranes 127
Chapter 13: Membrane Channels and Pumps 138
Chapter 14: Signal-Transduction Pathways 149
Chapter 15: Metabolism-Basic Concepts and Themes 162
Chapter 16: Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 173
Chapter 17: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and the Citric Acid Cycle 184
Chapter 18: Oxidative Phosphorylation 195
Chapter 19: Phototrophy and the Light Reactions of Photosynthesis 208
Chapter 20: The Calvin–Benson Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 219
Chapter 21: Glycogen Metabolism 230
Chapter 22: Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 240
Chapter 23: Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism 251
Chapter 24: Integration of Energy Metabolism 262
Chapter 25: Biosynthesis of Amino Acids 272
Chapter 26: Nucleotide Biosynthesis 283
Chapter 27: Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids 294
Chapter 28: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 304
Chapter 29: RNA Functions, Biosynthesis, and Processing 315
Chapter 30: Protein Biosynthesis 326
Chapter 31: Control of Gene Expression 339
Chapter 32: Principles of Drug Discovery and Development 357
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
Chapter 1: Biochemistry in Space and Time
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. What did Watson and Crick suggest to be significant about the base-pairing found in the DNA helix?
a. It allowed the DNA to twist in a helix.
b. The DNA could be circular.
c. It was a good base for the mechanism of copying genetic information.
d. Only one of the strands could act as a template.
e. The DNA sequence was determined by the sequence of RNA.
2. Which component of DNA bases is the most susceptible to hydroxide ions?
a. proton of N-1 atom of guanine base
b. proton of O atom of guanine base
c. proton of N-3 atom of thymine base
d. proton of O atom of adenine base
e. proton of N-1 atom of adenine base
3. Which statement about DNA structure is INCORRECT?
a. It is a branched polymer with a flexible backbone.
b. The DNA backbone is built of repeating sugar–phosphate units.
c. Each DNA strand has directionality due to identical orientation of the sugar–phosphate units.
d. Each sugar is connected to two phosphate groups through different linkages.
e. Its structure is a double helix composed of two intertwined strands.
4. If a particular reaction has a negative ΔG, is it likely to occur?
a. Not unless energy is added to the system.
b. Yes, if it is coupled with another reaction.
c. Yes, it is spontaneous.
d. No, it is not spontaneous.
e. Yes, as long as the temperature increases.
5. Order the type of interactions by the bond strength in descending value.
a. hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, van der Waals interactions
b. covalent bonds, van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds
c. van der Waals interactions, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds
d. covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions
e. hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions
6. Which statement about ionic interactions in the formation of the DNA double helix is CORRECT?
a. Separation of negatively charged phosphate groups with distances greater than 10 Å prevents
unfavorable interactions.
b. Only favorable ionic interactions take place when two strands of DNA come together.
c. Ionic interactions cause the formation of the double helix.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
d. Disposition of negatively charged phosphate groups with distances greater than 10 Å provides only
favorable interactions.
e. Some unfavorable ionic interactions take place when two strands of DNA come together.
7. Which statement about covalent bonds is INCORRECT?
a. A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between adjacent atoms.
b. If more than one electron pair is shared, then a covalent bond becomes stronger.
c. Existence of several resonance structures of nearly equal energies decreases stability of a compound.
d. Some molecules possess several patterns of covalent bonding.
e. The key properties of a bond are length and energy.
8. What is the average difference in the genome sequence between each pair of individuals?
a. 1 different base per 200 bases
b. 1 different base per 20 bases
c. 1 different base per 100 bases
d. 1 different base per 1000 bases
e. 1 different base per 2000 bases
9. Which statement about noncovalent bonds is CORRECT?
a. Five fundamental noncovalent bonds differ in their geometry, strength, and specificity.
b. In the strongest hydrogen bonds, all their components lie along a straight line.
c. The transient asymmetry in the electronic charge distribution of one atom can induce a
complementary asymmetry in the neighboring atoms due to hydrophobic interactions.
d. The release of water from more ordered structures is unfavorable.
e. Very strong repulsive forces become dominant at distances greater than the van der Waals contact
distance.
10. What is the energy of an ionic interaction?
a. the product of a proportionality constant and charges of two atoms divided by the product of the
dielectric constant and the distance between atoms
b. the product of the dielectric constant and a sum of two charges divided by the product of the
proportionality constant and the distance between charges
c. the product of the dielectric constant and the distance between atoms divided by the product of the
proportionality constant and charges of two atoms
d. the product of the dielectric constant and two charges subtracted from the product of the
proportionality constant and the distance between charges
e. the difference between the proportionality constant and charges of two atoms multiplied by the
dielectric constant
11. What gives proteins such a dominant role in biochemistry?
a. rigidity of the peptide backbone
b. ability to act as a blueprint
c. ability to self-replicate
d. ability to spontaneously fold into complex three-dimensional structures
e. usage of 40 different building blocks
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
12. Using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, calculate the pH of a buffer solution made from 0.20 M
CH3COOH and 0.05 M CH3COO– that has pKa = 4.7.
a. 5.3
b. 4.1
c. 2.5
d. 0.4
e. 5.0
13. What is the number of hydrogen bonds formed between G and C nucleotides?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
14. What is the reason for the existence of the hydrophobic effect?
a. the tendency of water molecules to make a bond with hydrophobic proteins
b. the tendency of polar molecules to self-associate in the presence of an aqueous solution
c. the tendency of nonpolar molecules to self-associate in the presence of an aqueous solution
d. the inability of charged molecules to dissolve in water
e. the property of nucleic acids to dissolve in water
15. What are molecules A and B called, if molecule A is large and transforms into a low-molecular-weight
molecule B?
a. A and B are both biological macromolecules.
b. A and B are both metabolites.
c. A is a biological macromolecule and B is a metabolite.
d. A is a metabolite and B is a biological macromolecule.
e. A is a protein and B is deoxyribonucleic acid.
16. What is the number of hydrogen bonds formed between A and T nucleotides?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
17. The heat content of a system is called:
a. entropy.
b. enthalpy.
c. kinetic energy.
d. potential enthalpy.
e. kinetic entropy.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
18. What are the main paths of the tree of life?
a. eukarya and prokarya
b. eukarya and archea
c. bacteria, prokarya, eukarya, and archea
d. bacteria and eukarya
e. bacteria, eukarya, and archea
19. What is the direct consequence of the bent shape of a water molecule?
a. Water is highly cohesive.
b. Distribution of charge is asymmetric.
c. Hydrogen atoms possess a net negative charge.
d. The oxygen atom possesses a net positive charge.
e. The water molecule is able to form hydrogen bonds.
20. What makes water a versatile solvent?
a. stabilization of large molecular complexes
b. ease of breaking different bonds
c. irreversible breakage of different bonds
d. simultaneous formation of a large number of hydrogen bonds
e. stabilization by large molecular complexes
21. Which statement is INCORRECT if the buffer capacity is not consumed upon addition of a strong acid to
the solution?
a. There are more protonated forms of the buffer compound than deprotonated ones.
b. When hydrogen ions are added to this buffer solution they remain free.
c. The pH differs from the pKa value of the buffer's base component.
d. There are more deprotonated forms of the buffer compound than protonated ones.
e. Such a buffer is not actually a buffer and cannot mitigate the pH changes.
22. Which statement about acid–base relations is CORRECT?
a. If [H+] is higher than 10–3, pH is above 3.
b. If [OH–] is 10–9, pH is 7.
c. If [H+] is lower than 10–9, pH is below 9.
d. If [OH–] is higher than 10–3, pH is below 3.
e. If [OH–] is 10–7, pH is 7.
23. What principle is comparative genomics based on?
a. Biological polymers are evolutionary and functionally related in all living organisms.
b. There is a link between evolution and biochemistry.
c. DNA can be isolated from previously known organisms.
d. Biological polymers are greatly variable between single-celled and multicellular organisms.
e. The sequence variation between remotely related individuals is quite substantial compared to
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
differences in populations.
24. Which statement about the microbiome is CORRECT?
a. There are about 10 times more human cells than microbial cells in the body.
b. The human microbiome does not play a role in obesity.
c. The microbiome present on a body remains constant throughout a human life.
d. The microbiome present on different body surfaces is largely distinct.
e. Many species of the human microbiome have been grown in cultures.
25. When did life on Earth begin and when did human beings emerge, respectively?
a. 3 billion years ago and 1 billion years ago
b. 3.5 billion years ago and 0.5 billion years ago
c. 3.5 billion years ago and 0.2 billion years ago
d. 3.5 billion years ago and less than 0.1 billion years ago
e. 3.5 billion years ago and 0.1 billion years ago
26. The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick includes:
a. a triple helix.
b. a triple helix composed of three intertwined strands.
c. base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix.
d. a sugar-phosphate backbone that lies on the inside of the helix.
e. base pairs that are stacked on the outside of the triple helix.
27. Which statement about genetic variations is CORRECT?
a. Predisposition inevitably results in the onset of a disease.
b. Only a few genetic variations are connected to some ailments.
c. Several genetic variations are required to cause a disease.
d. The average difference between two people within one ethnic group is lower than the difference
between the averages of two different ethnic groups.
e. A particular variation can lead to a predisposition to the development of a particular disease rather
than to its inevitable development.
28. Why are free interactions of water molecules in bulk water more favorable than more ordered interactions
with nonpolar compounds?
a. The total entropy in such interactions increases because the Gibbs free energy is positive.
b. The total entropy in such interactions decreases because the Gibbs free energy is negative.
c. The enthalpy of the ordered state is lower than the enthalpy of the bulk state.
d. The total entropy in such interactions increases because the Gibbs free energy is negative.
e. The total entropy in such interactions decreases because the Gibbs free energy is positive.
29. Which statement about DNA is INCORRECT?
a. The most fundamental role of DNA is to encode the sequences of proteins.
b. The genetic code is the set of rules that links the DNA sequence to the encoded protein sequence.
c. Gene is the fundamental unit of hereditary information.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
d. The control regions account for only a small portion of the human genome.
e. There are about 100,000 protein-coding genes in the human genome.
30. What is FALSE regarding the laws of thermodynamics?
a. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
b. The local decrease in enthalpy will increase the entropy of the surroundings.
c. Heat is a manifestation of the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of molecules.
d. Within chemical systems, potential energy is related to the likelihood that atoms will store energy in
some form.
e. Ordered structures can be formed within a system only if the entropy of the surroundings will
proportionally increase.
31. By which factor will the 1 M buffer sodium acetate (pKa = 4.75) increase the amount of acid required to
produce a drop of pH from 7.4 to 7.3 in comparison with pure water where a respective change in [H+] is equal
to 1 × 10–8 M?
a. 5,600
b. 60
c. 60,000
d. 1
e. 600
32. What is a pKa value in an acid–base reaction?
a. the equilibrium constant for proton dissociation
b. concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution
c. a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in the solution
d. the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water
e. concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution
33. Which statement about the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA double helix formation is INCORRECT?
a. The hydrophobic effect contributes to the favorability of base stacking.
b. Hydrogen bonds contribute greatly to the overall process of double helix formation.
c. There are more hydrogen bonds with water than bonds between the bases in single-stranded DNA.
d. When two single strands come together, hydrogen bonds with water are broken and new hydrogen
bonds between the bases of two DNA strands are formed.
e. Hydrogen bonds contribute greatly to the specificity of bases binding.
34. What is the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH–] in an aqueous solution with pH 9?
a. 10–9 M
b. 10–14 M
c. 105 M
d. 9 M
e. 10–5 M
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
35. Which of the following is a hydrogen bond donor?
a. the N in H- - -N—HD
b. the S in S—H- - -O
c. the O and P in P—O- - -H
d. the H in O—H- - -O
e. the O in O—H- - -NN
36. What is pKa of a buffer solution (pH = 5.05) containing 0.2 M sodium acetate and 0.1 M acetic acid?
a. 4.75
b. 0.2
c. 0.3
d. 4.45
e. 1.58
37. What are the primary chemical components present in a phosphate buffer at pH = 7.4?
a. H3PO4 and PO43–
b. H2PO4– and PO43–
c. HPO42– and PO43–
d. H2PO4– and HPO42–
e. H3PO4 and HPO42–
38. A proton exists in a solution as:
a. H+.
b. a water molecule.
c. a deprotonated water molecule.
d. a hydronium ion.
e. H2O+.
39. How was the fact that formation of the double helix does not violate the second law of thermodynamics
experimentally confirmed?
a. in a water bath monitoring the change in entropy to check whether it remains constant
b. in a water bath monitoring the change in heat to sustain a constant temperature in the bath
c. in a water bath monitoring the change in entropy to sustain a constant temperature in the bath
d. in a water bath monitoring the free energy to sustain constant heat content in the bath
e. in a water bath monitoring the change in heat to sustain constant Gibbs energy in the bath
40. Which statement about nonpolar interactions in the formation of the DNA double helix is INCORRECT?
a. Van der Waals interactions are nearly optimal in a double-helical structure.
b. Nonpolar surfaces of the bases are moved into contact with each other due to a more complete base
stacking.
c. Nucleotide bases tend to stack even in single-stranded DNA molecules.
d. The separation distance of the planes of adjacent bases needs to be adjusted for the favorable van der
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 10th Edition (Berg and Stryer, 2023)
Waals contacts.
e. Surface complementarity maximizes the formation of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions
while minimizing the nonpolar surface area exposed to the aqueous environment.
41. Why does a spontaneous chemical process always increase the entropy of the universe?
a. The system entropy will increase if and only if the entropy of surroundings is greater than the ratio of
the heat transferred to the surroundings and their temperature.
b. The total entropy will increase if and only if the product of temperature and the change in system
entropy is lower than zero.
c. The total entropy will increase if and only if the change in enthalpy is lower than zero.
d. The system enthalpy will increase only when the change in temperature is greater than zero.
e. The total entropy will increase if and only if the entropy of a system is greater than the ratio of the
heat transferred to surroundings and their temperature.
42. Which statement about biological diversity is FALSE?
a. The plant kingdom includes species as relatively simple as algae and as complex as sequoias.
b. No species can live in seemingly hostile environments such as hot springs and glaciers.
c. Animal kingdom species range from nearly microscopic to very large.
d. Organisms such as protozoa, yeast, and bacteria are present with great diversity in water and soil.
e. Microscopic organisms can live on or within larger organisms.
43. What is the [A–]:[HA] ratio when a weak acid is in a solution one pH unit below its pKa?
a. 1:1
b. 1:10
c. 10:1
d. 2:1
e. 1:2
44. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a urine sample that has a pH of 6?
a. 10–6 M
b. 10–8 M
c. 106 M
d. 10–14 M
e. 6 M
45. Which animal metabolic process is highly similar to the plant process of capturing and converting light
energy?
a. capturing energy released from acid dissociation
b. capturing energy released from DNA double helix formation
c. capturing energy released from resisting the change in pH
d. capturing energy released from glucose breakdown
e. capturing energy released from the breakage of noncovalent bonds
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper AllStudyGuides. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €35,61. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 64438 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen