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Summary Geneeskunde RUG jaar 1 oefenvragen tentamen week 1-4 (1.1.1 Ontwikkeling) // Medicine RUG year 1 practice questions exam week 1-4 (1.1.1 Development)€5,89
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1. What is the main difference between somatic cells and gametes?
A. Somatic cells are haploid, while gametes are diploid.
B. Somatic cells divide by meiosis, while gametes divide by mitosis.
C. Somatic cells are produced by fertilization, while gametes are produced by
mitosis.
D. Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, while gametes have 23
chromosomes.
2. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G1-phase
B. S-phase
C. G2-phase
D. M-phase
3. In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial
plane?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
4. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are important because they:
A. Facilitate DNA replication directly.
B. Cause phosphorylation of proteins to activate/inactivate proteins.
C. Repair damaged DNA.
D. Separate chromosomes during mitosis.
5. What is the purpose of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors?
A. They activate cyclins.
B. They perform checks and stop cells with wrong DNA from duplicating.
C. They repair DNA damage by cutting wrong nucleotides and adding the
right ones.
D. They stimulate DNA replication.
6. In meiosis I, what occurs during Prophase I?
A. Chromosomes condense and homologous chromosomes pair up.
B. Chromosomes are pulled to the cell’s equator.
C. Chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles.
D. The nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes.
7. How does cytokinesis differ in males and females during meiosis?
A. In males, the cytoplasm is equally divided; in females, most cytoplasm
goes to one daughter cell.
B. In females, cytoplasm is equally divided; in males, most goes to one
daughter cell.
, C. Both males and females equally divide cytoplasm between daughter cells.
D. Cytokinesis does not occur in females.
WEEK 1 – Answers + explanations —1-7:
Practice Question 1
The answer is D
Somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes (one
from each parent), while gametes are haploid and contain only one set of
chromosomes.
Practice Question 2
The answer is B
During the S-phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle, DNA is replicated,
ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes;
G1-phase: Cell growth and normal functions; no DNA replication.
G2-phase: Preparation for mitosis; DNA replication is complete.
M-phase: Cell division
Practice Question 3
The answer is B
In metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate, allowing for equal
separation into the two daughter cells during anaphase.
Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle fibers
form.
Anaphase: Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase: Chromosomes de-condense, and the nuclear envelope reforms around
each set of
Practice Question 4
The answer is B
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle by forming complexes
with cyclins, leading to the phosphorylation of target proteins that drive cell cycle
progression. The proteins are activated or inactivated by this phosphorylation.
Practice Question 5
The answer is B
CDK inhibitors perform checks and stop cells with wrong DNA from replicating;
they prevent CDKs from forming complexes with cyclins. This way, they prevent
the formation of mutated daughter cells, which can mutate into cancer.
Practice Question 6
The answer is A
During prophase I of meiosis, chromosomes condense, and homologous
chromosomes undergo synapsis, forming tetrads.
Practice Question 7
The answer is A
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