When oligohydramnios exists, the fetus is at risk of developing what condition? - Pulmonary hyperplasia
The presence of early onset IUGR in combination with polyhydramnios should raise suspicion of? -
Aneuploidy
Holoprosencephaly is most commonly associated with? - Trisomy 13
Oligohydramnios is associated with - Renal agenesis
Which of the following statements are true in regards to choroid plexus cysts? - In the absence of other
findings, a solitary choroid plexus cyst is considered insignificant in the low risk patient.
An anatomy scan reveals the presence of kyphoscoliosis. What is the most common abnormality to
cause this appearance? - Hemivertebrae
Which of the following best describes Dandy Walker malformation? - A posterior fossa cyst that is
continuous with the fourth ventricle.
High AFP on 2nd trimester screening can be an indicator of? - Spina Bifida
Visualisation of which brain structure excludes most midline brain abnormalities? - Cavum septum
pellucidum (CSP)
A euploid fetus has how many chromosomes? - 46 chromosomes
Micrognathia - Is a small receding chin with considerable overbite and associated with syndromes and
trisomies.
,Poorly controlled maternal diabetes pre- conception is associated with? - (All of the above).
1. Cardiac abnormalities.
2. Renal abnormalities.
3. Spinal abnormalities.
Which intracranial structures should be seen at the level which BPD is measured? - CSP, Falx, Thalami.
Syndactly is defined as - soft tissue or bony fusion of adjacent digits.
What will a lower urinary tract obstruction lead to in a fetus? - 1. Hydronephrosis.
2. Renal dysplasia.
3. Severe oligohydramnios.
Enlarged bladder in a fetus is called? - Mega cystitis. (more common in boys) Will measure more than
7mm in long (sagittal).
Fluid within the endometrial cavity is? - not included in the endometrial measurement.
Follicular cysts exibit which of the following features? - 1. Cysts are usually unilateral.
2. Cysts vary in size.
A 20 year old female with sudden onset RIF pain. WCC 9, beta HCG <2. On TV scan a blind ended
structure is seen in the RIF anterior to iliac vessels. Compressible + apperistaltic. Mucosal thickness is
5mm. Diagnosis? - This is a normal appendix.
Diffuse uterine enlargement, thickening of the posterior myometrium and small myometrial cysts are
most often associated with which condition? - Adenomyosis.
Positive McBurney's point test is usually suggestive of what? - Acute appendicitis.
, The most common location for uterine leiomyoma (fibroid) to develop is? - Intramural.
In which location is a fibroid most likely to cause irregular uterine bleeding? - Submucosal
A woman presents with a history intramural leiomyoma (fibroid). An intramural leiomyoma ? - Distorts
the myometrium
Which of the following describes the expected appearance of the endometrium in a patient using OCP? -
Thin echogenic line.
What is the most common uterine tumour? - Leiomyoma (fibroid)
List the causes of endometrial thickening? - 1. Hyperplasia.
2. Polyps.
3. Trophoblastic disease.
4. Ectopic pregnancy.
Endometrioma appearance - 1. Hypoechoic.
2. Low level echoes "ground glass"
3. "kissing ovaries" sign.
4.Posterior enhancement.
5. Cystic/ solid. May have fluid levels / septations.
Symptom of endometriosis - Longstanding dysmenorhea.
Risk factors for polyhydramnios (over expansion of the uterus) - 1. maternal dyspnea.
2. Preterm labour.
3. Premature rupture of membranes.
4. Abnormal fetal presentation.
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