APSC 151 Week 2 UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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APSC 151 Week 2 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Extrusive igneous rock - Correct Answer- - Form when magma solidifies at the surface
- Can be explosion or flowing
*Features*:
- Lava flows Fluid, viscous, or sluggish (Ex. Central Chilean Andes) - Fissure eruptions
- Volcanoes (man...
APSC 151 Week 2 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Extrusive igneous rock - Correct Answer- - Form when magma solidifies at the surface
- Can be explosion or flowing
*Features*:
- Lava flows Fluid, viscous, or sluggish (Ex. Central Chilean Andes) - Fissure eruptions
- Volcanoes (many different types) Volcanic ash, lava, volcanic tuff (pyroclastic flow) ("tuff"
layers in a tunnel)
-. ex*rhyolite, andesite, basalt, komatilite*
intrusive igneous rock - Correct Answer- - Form at depth from magma that crystallizes slowly
- Not lava but called *plutonic rocks*
- A large body of intrusive rock is called a *pluton*
-- Formed at great depth and later exposed at surface by erosion (Ex. Stawamus Chief
Squamish, BC)
-ex. *granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite*
batholith - Correct Answer- Regional scale intrusive body from main mantle - Yosemite
(Sierra Nevada batholith)
laccolith - Correct Answer- Local intrusive body with other rocks below (fed by dykes or sill)
- Devils Tower (Wyoming) - Mont Royal (Montreal) and the Montreregian Hills, Quebec
- Torres del Paine, Chile
sills - Correct Answer- sheetlike intrusions that are oriented parallel to previous rock units
- Dark sill of Gabbro, Brock River (NWT)
- Mount McKay eroded sill (thunder bay ON)
melt - Correct Answer- (component of magma)
- A liquid portion composed of mobile ions
solids - Correct Answer- (component of magma)
- If any, are silicate minerals that have already crystallized from the melt
volatiles (gases dissolved in the melt) - Correct Answer- (component of magma)
- Include water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2)
- Volatiles make magma lighter (so it rises)
melting - Correct Answer- - Confining pressure drops slightly
- Temperature increases slightly
- Volatiles (fluids, gases) are introduced
divergent plates - Correct Answer- where the greatest amount of igneous activity occurs
geothermal gradient - Correct Answer- temperature increases within Earth's upper crust.
(average 25C per km)
- Rocks in the lower crust and upper mantle are near their melting points
decompression melting - Correct Answer- melting due to a drop in confining pressure that
occurs as rock rises
crystallization - Correct Answer- cooling magma results in the systematic arrangement of
ions into crystal structures
- Silicon and oxygen atoms link together to form silicate minerals
- A single volcano may extrude different lava compositions
magmatic differentiation - Correct Answer- formation of one or more secondary magmas
from a single parent magma
, - Magma content evolves during eruption or crystallization
mafic (basaltic) magma - Correct Answer- low silica content, low viscosity (thin and runny),
higher temperature
- Primary magmas - mafic magmas that originate from direct melting of mantle rock
(peridotite) usually in ocean ridges
- High composition of DARK (ferromagnesian) silicates *Pyroxene, Ca-plagioclase Feldspar,
olivine, amphibole, basalt, gabbro*
- Flowing lava; can travel long distances
- Shield volcanoes, basalt plateaus
Andesitic/felsic Magma - Correct Answer- - Found only within continents (normally at
margins)
- Mixing of mafic magma and melted continental crust
- High composition of light (non ferromagnesium) silicates *Quartz, mica, Na-plagioclase
feldspar, granite, K-orthoclase feldspar, rhyolite*
*FOR FELSIC (RHYOLITIC) LAVAS:*
- shorter, thick flows & explosive
- volcanic domes, pyroclastic flows
bowen reaction series - Correct Answer- N.L. Bowen demonstrated that as a magma cools,
minerals crystallize in a systematic fashion based on their melting points
Felsic Composition (granitic/rhyolite) - Correct Answer- - Composed of light-coloured
silicates
- Rich in silica (SiO2) ~ 70%
- Major constituents of continental crust
- melts at lowest temperatures
- increased potassium and sodium
-*ex. K-feldspar, quartz, muscovite mica*
intermediate composition (andesitic/diorite) - Correct Answer- - feldspar and amphibole gives
salt and pepper look
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