HUMNNTR 3704 exam 1 Assessment Questions and Answers 100% Verified.

What constitutes a community? - correct answer people, location, shared values, social interaction how are communities organized? - correct answer scales: global, national, regional, local health: wellness, risk factors, disease community nutrition - correct answer prevent disease and improve nutrition, health, and well being of individuals within communities community nutritionists - correct answer develop policies and programs that help people improve their diet and health 3 P's - correct answer People: individuals who receive benefits from programs Policy: course of action chosen by public authorities to address given problem programs: instruments used by community nutritionists to change behavior, and improve diet/ health public health - correct answer effort organized by society to protect, promote, and restore people's health throughout the application of science, practical skills, and collective actions top causes of death in US - correct answer CVD Cancer Accidents COPD Stroke health - correct answer anatomic integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological, and social stress; a feeling of well-being and freedom from risk of disease/ death health continuum - correct answer well population at risk established disease controlled chronic disease what determines health? - correct answer biology/genetics lifestyle living, working, social conditions community conditions background conditions social-ecological framework - correct answer model for understanding how all elements of society combine to shape an individuals health -social norms/values -sectors of influence -environmental settings -individuals and family factors well population (primary prevention) - correct answer -promote healthy behaviors & environments across the lifespan -create supportive environments at risk (secondary prevention/ early detection) - correct answer -screening, periodic health examinations, early intervention, control risk factors-lifestyle and medication established disease (disease management and tertiary prevention) - correct answer treatment and acute care complications management self management controlled chronic disease (disease management and tertiary prevention) - correct answer continuing care maintenance rehabilitation self management health promotion - correct answer change human behavior by encouraging people to: 1. eat a healthy diet 2. be active 3. get regular rest 4. develop leisure activities for relaxation 5. strengthen social networks, achieve balance among family, work and play intervention - correct answer a health promotion activity aimed at changing behavior of the target audience goal: promote health/ prevent disease healthy people - correct answer set of goals and objectives w 10 yr targets designed to guide national health promotion and disease prevention to improve health of all people in US healthy people 2020 - correct answer Attain: high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve: health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create: social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote: quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. trends affecting community nutrition - correct answer -aging population -general diversity -increasing demands for health care services -increasing ethnic diversity -21st century lifestyle -environmental nutrition issues -global environmental challenges epidemiology - correct answer study of distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems distribution - correct answer refers to the relationship between health problem or disease and the population in which it exists determinants - correct answer host and environment risk - correct answer likelihood that people who are without a disease, but exposed to certain risk factors will acquire the disease at some point risk factors - correct answer inherited, physical/social environment, behavior relative risk (RR) - correct answer comparison of risk of some health related even in groups A relative risk [RR] of 1.0, means you are average - [there is no difference in riskbetween the control and experimental groups] A relative risk of 0.5 means that your risk is 1/2 that of average or a 50% lower risk. A relative risk of 1.5 means you have a 50% higher risk than average. incidence - correct answer the fraction or proportion of a group initially free of a disease or condition that develops the disease or condition over a period of time incidence is measured by 2 steps - correct answer 1. identify a group of susceptible people who are initially free of the disease or condition 2. examine them periodically over a period of time to discover and count the new cases of the disease that develop during the interval epidemiological method in nutrition - correct answer -observing -counts cases/ events -assess target population at risk -make comparisons -develop a hypothesis -test the hypothesis -analyze and interpret the data -conduct experimental studies -intervene -evaluate the population bias - correct answer the introduction of systemic error -selection: HOW samples were selected -measurement: METHODS used to analyze -confounding: VARIABLE INFLUENCE chance - correct answer random variation accounts for data (observation is incorrect bc of error arising from random variation) truth - correct answer accounts for the observation (observation is correct) ecological or correlational study - correct answer analysis of available data comparing the frequency of an event in populations with per capita consumption of certain dietary factors cross-sectional or prevalence study - correct answer "snapshot" in time examining variables within a whole population cohort - correct answer variable within a subset of a population is examined over time- prospective or retrospective- and restudied repeatedly case control study - correct answer a group with a disease or condition is compared with a matched group (age, sex, race, etc) without the condition randomized clinical trial (rct) - correct answer a randomized study population, studied for the outcome of defined variables. the most rigorous and trusted study design non-rct - correct answer controlled experiment to minimize bias nutritional epidemiology - correct answer study of relationship of diet to health and disease -monitors and describes food consumption, nutrient intake, nutrition status of population, or specific subgroups of a population. national nutrition survey data -- develop programs, services for nutritionally at risk- groups dietary variation - correct answer intra-individual variability: HIGH -settings, schedules, illnesses, holidays, seasons, weekends, preferences, availability