PSY 252 SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three ways to research a problem? - ANSWER: Functional Approach.
- Structured Approach
- Error-Based Approach
Functional Approach - ANSWER What is the objective of ______? (For example,
vision) What has it evolved to do?
Structural Approach: ANSWER looking at body parts (eyeball, ear, brain)
Error-based Approach: ANSWER When does it produce mistakes? What does this
tell us about how it operates? (Example: vision.)
Why does perception matter? - ANSWER - require senses to engage with the
world; to know what's there and what to do with it.
- feel what is occurring to you, especially if it is painful.
-* Find and evade predators.
-* Find a mate.
KEY TO SURVIVAL.
-* Only link to the outside world.
Myth 1: Perception is Easy.
It seems simple, automatic, and quick.
,Truth 1: ANSWER Perception is hard.
What makes perception difficult? - ANSWER: 1) The retina image is upside down.
2) We lose all information every moment we blink or shift our eyes.
3)loss of information when converting from 3D to 2D images
4) Blind spots in our vision.
5) Based on an inadequate matrix of intensities.
Perception relies on signals to decipher images and reconstruct the 3D reality.
Gestalt Principles (Cues) of Organisation - ANSWER: Similarity
- connection
- closeness.
- Good continue.
- Figure-ground.
What is the distinction between connectivity and excellent continuation????
Kanisza Triangle Illusion - ANSWER: Use Gestalt cues to deceive eyesight into
perceiving a triangle that doesn't exist.
- Figure Ground
-triangle = figure; circles = ground.
, - All Gestalt principles were observed (excellent continuity, likeness, and
proximity).
Depth cues: Pictorial - ANSWER - Linear convergence (see to line drawings in
notebook).
- Reality is two straight lines, but the retina image is two diagonal lines.
-relative size; getting farther means a smaller image.
-texture gradient; field of flowers and how the gradient truly appears.
- Differences in retina images between the left and right eyes; binocular
discrepancies.
- Don't notice as many distinctions when objects are farther away (imagine bringing
a finger to your face and closing one eye at a time before looking at the professor).
Myth 2: ANSWER See everything.
Truth 2: - Answer: I don't see everything.
- example: gorilla video and keys on a counter.
Three physical constraints of the visual system:
(one reason why we can't see everything) - ANSWER (physical structures are
required to see)
1) Focus light.
2) photoreceptors that can detect light.
3) Cells' receptive fields limit what may be seen.
1) Focus Light - ANSWER - Eye structures need to focus light.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three ways to research a problem? - ANSWER: Functional Approach.
- Structured Approach
- Error-Based Approach
Functional Approach - ANSWER What is the objective of ______? (For example,
vision) What has it evolved to do?
Structural Approach: ANSWER looking at body parts (eyeball, ear, brain)
Error-based Approach: ANSWER When does it produce mistakes? What does this
tell us about how it operates? (Example: vision.)
Why does perception matter? - ANSWER - require senses to engage with the
world; to know what's there and what to do with it.
- feel what is occurring to you, especially if it is painful.
-* Find and evade predators.
-* Find a mate.
KEY TO SURVIVAL.
-* Only link to the outside world.
Myth 1: Perception is Easy.
It seems simple, automatic, and quick.
,Truth 1: ANSWER Perception is hard.
What makes perception difficult? - ANSWER: 1) The retina image is upside down.
2) We lose all information every moment we blink or shift our eyes.
3)loss of information when converting from 3D to 2D images
4) Blind spots in our vision.
5) Based on an inadequate matrix of intensities.
Perception relies on signals to decipher images and reconstruct the 3D reality.
Gestalt Principles (Cues) of Organisation - ANSWER: Similarity
- connection
- closeness.
- Good continue.
- Figure-ground.
What is the distinction between connectivity and excellent continuation????
Kanisza Triangle Illusion - ANSWER: Use Gestalt cues to deceive eyesight into
perceiving a triangle that doesn't exist.
- Figure Ground
-triangle = figure; circles = ground.
, - All Gestalt principles were observed (excellent continuity, likeness, and
proximity).
Depth cues: Pictorial - ANSWER - Linear convergence (see to line drawings in
notebook).
- Reality is two straight lines, but the retina image is two diagonal lines.
-relative size; getting farther means a smaller image.
-texture gradient; field of flowers and how the gradient truly appears.
- Differences in retina images between the left and right eyes; binocular
discrepancies.
- Don't notice as many distinctions when objects are farther away (imagine bringing
a finger to your face and closing one eye at a time before looking at the professor).
Myth 2: ANSWER See everything.
Truth 2: - Answer: I don't see everything.
- example: gorilla video and keys on a counter.
Three physical constraints of the visual system:
(one reason why we can't see everything) - ANSWER (physical structures are
required to see)
1) Focus light.
2) photoreceptors that can detect light.
3) Cells' receptive fields limit what may be seen.
1) Focus Light - ANSWER - Eye structures need to focus light.
