PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY: Genetics and Inheritance Questions and Answers Already Passed
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PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY: Genetics and Inheritance
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PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY: Genetics And Inheritance
PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY: Genetics and
Inheritance Questions and Answers
Already Passed
What is the basic unit of heredity?
The gene
What is the principle of segregation in genetics?
Each individual has two alleles for each gene, which separate during gamete formation so
each gamete carri...
PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY: Genetics and
Inheritance Questions and Answers
Already Passed
What is the basic unit of heredity?
✔✔ The gene
What is the principle of segregation in genetics?
✔✔ Each individual has two alleles for each gene, which separate during gamete formation so
each gamete carries only one allele.
What does a Punnett square illustrate?
✔✔ The possible genetic combinations resulting from a cross between two parents.
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?
✔✔ Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles for a gene, while heterozygous genotypes
have two different alleles for a gene.
What is a dominant allele?
1
,✔✔ An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.
What is the term for the physical expression of a gene?
✔✔ Phenotype
How does incomplete dominance differ from codominance?
✔✔ Incomplete dominance results in a blended phenotype, while codominance results in both
alleles being fully expressed simultaneously.
What is the role of sex chromosomes in determining gender?
✔✔ Sex chromosomes (X and Y) determine an individual’s sex, with XX typically being female
and XY typically being male.
What is the principle of independent assortment?
✔✔ Genes for different traits are distributed independently of one another during gamete
formation.
What is a carrier in genetic terms?
2
, ✔✔ An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele that does not show the trait but can
pass it to offspring.
How does genetic linkage affect inheritance patterns?
✔✔ Genes located close to each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together
because they are less likely to be separated by crossing over.
What is a genetic mutation?
✔✔ A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can lead to alterations in gene function or
expression.
What does a pedigree chart show?
✔✔ The inheritance patterns of a trait or disorder within a family across generations.
What is a genotype?
✔✔ The genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a particular
gene.
How do environmental factors influence gene expression?
3
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