WSU Biology 106 Final (Hellman&Carloye) Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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WSU Biology 106
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WSU Biology 106
Why are cations difficult to get access to in the soil? - They are difficult because they bond tightly
to the soil so another cation has to come break their bond
Clay is negatively charged and tightly bind to cations making it difficult to uptake from soil
Is the need for CO2 and O2 in leaves th...
WSU Biology 106 Final
(Hellman&Carloye)
Why are cations difficult to get access to in the soil? - They are difficult because they bond tightly
to the soil so another cation has to come break their bond
Clay is negatively charged and tightly bind to cations making it difficult to uptake from soil
Is the need for CO2 and O2 in leaves the same when compared to roots? - The difference is
because of what the plant needs at that certain spot. The CO2 is needed for photosynthesis to make
sugar for the plant
What are the two key tissues that allow plants to transport water or organic nutrients, respectively, over
long distances? - Xylem - water and minerals from roots to shoots
Phloem - transports sugars from photosynthesis to where they are needed
What is a nodule and what is the reason why they appear sometimes reddish? - It is composed of
plant cells that have been "infected" by Rhizobium. They appear reddish because of a molecule named
leghemoglobin, an iron containing protein that binds reversibly to oxygen. Similar to the hemoglobin in
humans red blood cells
Independent variable - Value does not depend on another factor
Dependent variable - Value depends on another factor
Controlled variable - Kept the same throughout the experiment
In the root, plants need to take up more CO2 or O2? - More O2
Why do you think there is/is not a difference in gas exchange when you compare roots with leaves? -
,If you look at the apoplast and the symplast, which of the following statements are true? - In the
apoplastic route water and solute move along the continuum of cell walls and extracellular spaces
If you add sugar to water does the water potential increase or decrease? - Decrease
How is osmosis defined? - Diffusion of free water
What is a protoplast? - Living part of the cell which includes plasma membrane
How would you define transpiration? - Loss of water vapor through cells
The Casparian Strip is located in the endodermis. What is its function? - Blocks passive flow of
materials into the root vascular tissue of the plant
What are rhizobia - They can generate ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen
Why are rhizobacteria beneficial for plants? - They promote growth through chemicals they
produce and they also produce antibodies that protect the roots from disease. Absorb toxic metals
Why are rhizobacteria beneficial for agriculture? - They can increase crop yield and reduce the
amount of fertilizer and pesticides needed
What does the enzyme 'nitrogenase' catalyze? - Atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
What is the difference between endo- and ectomycorrhizae? - Ecto do not penetrate the root
cortex, whereas endo grow into the invaginations of the root cell membranes called arbuscules
Do the mycorrhiaze have a symbiotic or mutualistic relationship - Mutualistic
,Why have some plants adapted to a carnivorous live style - They lack some of the minerals so they
eat insects. Most of it is because of poor nitrogen in the soil
How many elements have been found in plants, and how many of these are considered to be 'essential'?
- 17 and 9 are essential
Based on a plant's dry mass, what are the four most common macronutrients found in plants? -
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
How can you distinguish a plant that suffers from phosphorus deficiency versus a nitrogen-deficient
plants - Phosphorus - reddish purple margins
Nitrogen - yellowing of plant at the tip and going towards the center of plant
What is 'humus' and why is it important for the plant? - The remains of dead organisms and other
organic matter. It is important to the plant to fertilize it
What are 'loams', and why is it important for soil to be loamy? - The most fertile topsoil, it is
important because in loams there is enough space to deliver oxygen to the roots. Made up of sand silt
and clay
Why is pH such an important factor for soil quality? - It is important because if the soil is to acidic
then a molecule might bond to the soil to much causing the plant to not be able to take in the nutrient
What does the term 'cation exchange' means? - Process by which cations are displaced from soil
particle by other cations
Are anions also difficult to take up from the soil by plants? - They are easier to take up from the
soil but harder to come by do to being lost during leaching because they do not bond to the negatively
charged soil ions
What does the term heterospory means? - production of spores of two different sizes and sexes
by the sporophytes of land plants.
, What defines an ovule - Female gametophyte
What are the advantages of having reduced gametophytes? - Gametophytes can develop from
spores and be shielded from UV light. This also allows the dependent gametophytes to gain nutrients
from the sporophyte.
What are the evolutionary advantages of a seed? - Seed are multicellular, a seed can be dormant
for a long time, supply of stored food
What is the difference between an ovary and an ovule - The ovary holds the ovules
In pollination, what part of the flower receives the pollen? - The stigma
What are petals good for? - Aid in attracting pollinators
If you look at a flower and a fruit, what parts of a flower can be found in a fruit? - The seeds of a
flower can be found in a fruit.
Why do gymnosperms not have fruits? - Dont have ovaries
What does the term 'double fertilization' means, and why does that not exist in Gymnosperms? -
Union of two sperm cells with different nuclei female gametophyte does not exist in
gymnosperms because they do not develop a endosperm
What different ways have evolved how plants can disperse their seeds - Through air and through
pollinators
What is the evolutionary advantage of fruit development. - Seeds are more protected, some fruits
develop hairs to help with dispersal into the wind
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