Psychology 1XX3 McMaster Review UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Psychology 1XX3 McMaster
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Psychology 1XX3 McMaster
Psychology 1XX3 McMaster Review
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Development - CORRECT ANSWER- Gene-environment interactions across an
individual's lifespan
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER- Gene-environment interactions across the
evolutionary history of a species
Neuroscience...
Psychology 1XX3 McMaster Review
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Development - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gene-environment interactions across an
individual's lifespan
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Gene-environment interactions across the
evolutionary history of a species
Neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The study of the nervous system, and the neural
basis of thought and behaviour
Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The biologically-timed unfolding of changes within
the individual according to that individual's genetic plan
Learning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The acquisition of neuronal representations of new
information; relatively permanent changes in our thoughts, behaviours, and feelings as a
result of our experiences
Interactionist Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The view that holds that maturation
and learning interact during development
Developmental psychologists tend to look at changes that occur in infancy because... -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Development in infancy is more dramatic
Habituation Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Repeatedly presents infant with the same
stimulus while measuring changes in responses. Once infant is bored, if it reacts to a new
stimulus then it means it can tell the difference between the two.
Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A decrease in the responsiveness to a stimulus
following its repeated presentation
,Dishabituation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔An increase in the responsiveness to a stimulus
that is somehow different from the habituated stimulus
Event Related Potentials Procedure - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Electrode cap, measures
activity of area of interest depending on the stimulus and experiment
High-amplitude sucking method - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔An infant learns to suck a
pacifier faster if it wants more of something - we learn what stimuli infants like by seeing if it
sucks the pacifier faster
Preference Method - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Infant is put in a chamber with 2 stimuli.
Researcher observes which stimulus the infant spends more time looking at.
Competence-Performance Distinction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔An individual may fail a
task not because they lack those cognitive abilities, but because they are unable to
demonstrate those abilities
Longitudinal Design - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A developmental research design in which
the same individuals are studied repeatedly over some subset of their lifespan
Cross-Sectional Design - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A developmental research design in
which individuals from different age groups are studied at the same point in time
Selective Attrition - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Loss of participants in a study such that the
sample ends up being non-responsive of the population as a whole
Practice Effects - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Changes in participants' responses due to
repeated testing
Disadvantages of Cross-Sectional Design - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Cannot distinguish
age effects from generational effects ; Cannot directly assess individual development change
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The name for the ovum penetrated by a sperm cell
,A zygote contains how many chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔46 (23 from each
parent)
Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A threadlike structure that is made from
deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA; contains between 30,000 and 40,000 genes
Genes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Segments of DNA that provide the chemical code for
development
Monozygotic Twins - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Genetically identical because they come
from the same sperm and ovum, which formed one zygote, and then split into two separate
zygotes
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔No more genetically similar than
any two siblings, because they come from two different sperm and ova, and start off as two
different zygotes from the moment of conception (share ~50% of genes)
Autosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The 22 chromosomes that are similar in both males
and females
Which chromosome determines a person's gender? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔23rd
Which parent determines offspring gender? - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Male - who can
donate either an X or a Y chromosome as opposed to a female who can only donate an X
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The expression of an individual's genotype in terms
of observable characteristics
Simple Dominant-Recessive Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔A pattern of
inheritance in which the expression of a trait is determined by a single pair of alleles
, Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔When two alleles have the same effect on the
phenotype
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔When two alleles have a different effect on the
phenotype - dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype, recessive allele is not expressed
but still heritable
Polygenetic Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔When multiple genes are involved in
the expression of a trait
Codominance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Two dominant alleles are both fully and equally
expressed to produce a phenotype that is a compromise between the two genes
Sex-linked Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Involves genes expressed on the X
chromosome. Some recessive genes are expressed on the X chromosome so since females
have 2, they are less likely to have it expressed than males
Canalization Principle - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Genotype restricts the phenotype to a
small number of possible developmental outcomes; Some developmental processes are
buffered against environmental variability
Range-of-Reaction Principle - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Genotype establishes a range of
possible responses to different kinds of life experiences
Passive Genotype/Environment Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The environment
that parents choose to raise their children in was influenced by the parents' own genes
Evocative Genotype/Environment Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔The traits that we
have inherited affect how others react to and behave towards us
Active Genotype/Environment Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Our genotypes
influence the kinds of environments that we seek
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