APEA 3P Focused on Dermatology Exam Review Questions and A Level Marking Scheme Latest 2024/2025
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APEA 3P Focused on Dermatology Exam Review Questions and A Level Marking Scheme Latest 2024/2025
An oral antiviral agent such as acyclovir, famciclovir or valacyclovir should be prescribed, especially if it can be initiated within 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. The addition of oral cortic...
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APEA 3P Focused on Dermatology Exam
Review Questions and A Level Marking
Scheme Latest 2024/2025
An oral antiviral agent such as acyclovir, famciclovir or
valacyclovir should be prescribed, especially if it can be initiated
within 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. The addition of oral
corticosteroids to oral antiviral therapy demonstrates only
modest benefits. Adverse events to therapy are more commonly
reported in patients receiving oral corticosteroids. There is no
evidence that corticosteroid therapy decreases the incidence or
duration of postherpetic neuralgia or improves the quality of life.
Corticosteroids should be limited to use in patients with acute
neuritis who have not derived benefits from opioid analgesics.
An example of a first-generation cephalosporin used to treat a
skin infection is:
A. cephalexin.
B. cefuroxime.
C. cefdinir.
D. cefaclor.
A.
Two common first-generation cephalosporins used to treat skin
and skin structure infections are cephalexin and cefadroxil.
These are taken two to four times daily and are generally well
tolerated. These antibiotics provide coverage against
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, common skin pathogens.
A patient is diagnosed with tinea pedis. A microscopic
examination of the sample taken from the infected area would
likely demonstrate:
, A. hyphae.
B. yeasts.
C. rods or cocci.
D. a combination of hyphae and spores.
A.
Under microscopic exam, hyphae are long, thin and branching,
and indicate dermatophytic infections. Hyphae are typical in
tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis. Yeasts are usually
seen in candidal infections. Cocci and rods are specific to
bacterial infections.
A patient has been diagnosed with MRSA. She is allergic to sulfa.
Which medication could be used to treat her?
A. Augmentin
B. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMPS)
C. Ceftriaxone
D. Doxycycline
D.
MRSA is methicillin-resistant Staph aureus. This is very common
in the community and is typically treated with sulfa medications
like TMP/SMX (Bactrim DS and Septra DS). If the patient is
allergic to sulfa, this should not be used. A narrow-spectrum
antibiotic that can be used is doxycycline or minocycline. It is
given twice daily and is generally well tolerated. MRSA is
resistant to the antibiotics in the other choices and so they
should NOT be used to treat it.
Which vehicle is least appropriate in a patient who has atopic
dermatitis?
A. Lotions
B. Creams
C. Thick creams
D. Ointments
, A.
Patients who have atopic dermatitis need continuous skin
hydration. Lotions can worsen xerosis (dry skin) due to
evaporation of water on the skin. In contrast to creams and
ointments, lotions have a high water content and a low oil
content. Creams have a lower water content. Ointments have no
water and are excellent agents to use on dry skin as well as to
prevent dry skin.
A 16-year-old has been diagnosed with Lyme disease. Which drug
should be used to treat him?
A. Doxycycline
B. Amoxicillin-clavulanate
C. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
D. Cephalexin
A.
Doxycycline is frequently chosen first-line to treat Lyme disease.
However, numerous studies have demonstrated that amoxicillin
and cefuroxime have equal efficacy as doxycycline in the
treatment of early Lyme disease. These drugs are recommended
in patients who exhibit erythema migrans. Doxycycline is not
recommended in children younger than 9 years of age.
Which test is NOT suitable to diagnose shingles if the clinical
presentation is questionable?
A. Tzanck preparation
B. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
C. Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
D. Complete blood count (CBC)
D.
Herpes viruses are the causative agents in shingles, chickenpox,
genital herpes, and oral fever blisters. Diagnosis is usually made
on clinical presentation. However, in questionable cases, lab
tests may be employed. A Tzanck preparation is a rapid test used
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