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Epidemiology and Biostatistics Review Guide – Exam 1 questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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Epidemiology and Biostatistics Review Guide – Exam 1 questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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Epidemiology and Biostatistics ReviewGuide – Exam 1
Chapter 1 - Foundations of Epidemiology - ANS
Define epidemiology - ANSThe have a look at of the distribution and determinants of
health-associated states or occasions in specific populations, and the software of this look at to
the manipulate of health issues.
Define epidemic - ANSa full-size occurrence of an infectious sickness in a network at a
particular time.
Define endemic - ANSinfection of a specific region
Define pandemic - ANSworldwide epidemic
descriptive epidemiology - ANSThe factor of epidemiology involved with organizing and
summarizing fitness-associated statistics consistent with time, area, and character
analytic epidemiology - ANSa shape of epidemiology that investigates reasons and associations
among factors or activities and health
Descriptive epidemiology vs analytic epidemiology - ANSdescriptive--observes and describes
disorder patterns in a population
analytic--identifies associations between ailment or health and their reasons--looks for the
etiology of sickness
List the six dimensions of fitness - ANSPhysical, Social, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual,
Environmental
commonplace-source - ANSsingle supply for all of the people infected
propagated - ANSspread character to individual
combined epidemics - ANSA mixture of commonplace supply and blended
primary case - ANSThe first disorder case within the populace is the number one case
index case - ANSThe first ailment case brought to the eye of the epidemiologist is the index
case
, secondary case - ANSare those individuals who grow to be inflamed and ill after a disorder has
been introduced into a population and who become inflamed from touch with the primary case
suspect case - ANSAn person who has all of the signs and signs and symptoms of a sickness
or circumstance, yet now not identified
Disease transmission modes, - ANSDirect transmission: direct, man or woman-to-individual
touch
Indirect transmission: Disease transmission related to an intermediate step• air-borne; small
breathing droplets• fomite-borne; gadgets
Epidemiology Triangle - ANShost, agent, surroundings
chain of infection - ANSinfectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
access, prone host
Three ranges of prevention used in public health and epidemiology - ANSPrimary Prevention:
Forestall onset of infection or injury at some point of prepathogenesis period
Secondary Prevention: Early diagnosis and prompt remedy earlier than sickness will become
advanced and incapacity extreme
Tertiary Prevention; Aimed at rehabilitation following tremendous pathogenesis; retrain,
reeducate ,rehabilitate
Chapter 2 - Historic Developments in Epidemiology - ANS
Hippocrates the First Epidemiologist(460-377 B.C.) - ANS"Founder of Medicine" During the
Golden Age in Greece he became a scientist that believed all illnesses got here from natural
causes. He additionally had excessive ideals for physicians & an oath turned into made this is
nonetheless used today.
James Lind (1716-1794) - ANSApplied experimental methods to perceive that consuming citrus
culmination have been powerful treatments for scurvy amongst sailors at sea (H.M.S. Salisbury,
1747)
Also made medical observations, used experimental design, asked classical epidemiological
questions, located the populace modifications and their impact on ailment, and considered
assets of causation, together with place, time, and season
John Snow (1813-1858) - ANS•A health practitioner and the anesthesiologist of Queen Victoria
of England
•Conducted a descriptive study all through a cholera outbreak in 1848
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