NURS 6501 ADV Patho Exam #2 Questions
With Complete Solutions
1st thing to think about when you have a pt with watery diarrhea
and Eosinophilia? Correct Answers - Gastroenteritis from a
parasitic infection
3 Types of Macrocytic Anemias
- B12 deficiency
- Folic acid deficiency
- Antimetabolites Correct Answers - Low B12: normal folate
- Must be used with Intrinsic factor which is missing from the
stomach
- Low B12 and normal Folate
- Tx: B12 injections
- Folic acid deficiencies:
- Low folate
- Causes neural tube deficits
- Tx: Oral folic acid
4 Types of Leukemias Correct Answers - (ALL): Acute
Lymphocytic
- (AML): Acute Myelogenous
- (CLL): Chronic Lymphocytic
- (CML): Chronic Myelogenous
5 Classifications of Anemias by etiology Correct Answers -
Altered Hgb synthesis
- Altered DNA from deficient nutrients
,- Stem Cell dysfunction
- Bone marrow infiltration
- RBC Destruction
ABCDE of Malignant Melanoma Correct Answers A =
Asymmetry
B = Borders
C = Color
D = Diameter
E = Evolving
Acute Leukemias Correct Answers - Usually seen in the
neonate period
- Onset is abrupt
- Survival is short
Agranulocytosis can be a complication of what? Correct
Answers Anti-thyroid medications
ALL is most commonly seen in... Correct Answers Kids
Alterations in Platelet Fx Correct Answers - Increased bleeding
time
- Disorders of platelet adhesion
[Bernard-Soulier syndrome or Von Wildbrand factor)
Alterations of Leukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2. Premature destruction of cells
, a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious
process Correct Answers Leukocytosis equals increase WBC's
Leukopenia Equals decreased wbc's
Alterations of Leukocytes - can be quantitative Correct
Answers *Quantitative*
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2.Premature destruction of cells
a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious
process
Alterations of Platelets/Coagulation
- 2 Types Correct Answers a) Quantitative: [Number problems)
- Thrombocytopenia [Too few)
- Thrombocythemia [Too many)
b) Qualitative:
- Affect structure/function of platelets
- May coexist with quantitative disorders
- Prevent platelet adherence/aggregation, preventing a platelet
plug which allows pt to bleed out
Alterations of Platelets/Coagulation Correct Answers 1.
Purpura [start with this)
- Diffuse hemorrhage into the skin
-2. Thromboembolic disease [Coagulation proceeds
needlessly)
3. Thrombocytopenia:
Platelet count < 100,000/mm3
[symptomatic until count is < 10K)
4. Psuedothrombocytopenia is from a lab error
[repeated lab test]
, Alterations of the Spleen
- Hematologic Alterations Correct Answers - Sequestering - Up
to 50% of the red cell population is in the spleen causing
splenomegaly and anemia)
Alterations of the Spleen Correct Answers - Organ of mystery
and perplexity
- Useful but not necessary
- Enlargement may not be pathological
- Overactive spleen criteria
- a.Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
- b. cellular bone marrow
- c. Splenomegaly
- d. Improvement after splenectomy
Anemia [aplastic and early iron deficiency] Correct Answers -
EARLY iron deficiency [transferrin rises [when iron stores in
body are low] and ferritin falls[blood cell contains iron] =Iron
deficiency anemia
- Aplastic Anemia - Cancer hypoplastic cell invading the bone
marrow where red blood cells are made
Anemia Patho Correct Answers - Defined as a Hgb less than 10
- Pernicious Anemia: = Lack of B12 and/or intrinsic factor)
- Hypoxia [rate of RBC production is increased by
erythropoietin in response to this
- Bone Marrow suppression
due to CA, drugs, radiation, chemo)
- Disorders of hemostasis
- Disorders of Leukocytes
With Complete Solutions
1st thing to think about when you have a pt with watery diarrhea
and Eosinophilia? Correct Answers - Gastroenteritis from a
parasitic infection
3 Types of Macrocytic Anemias
- B12 deficiency
- Folic acid deficiency
- Antimetabolites Correct Answers - Low B12: normal folate
- Must be used with Intrinsic factor which is missing from the
stomach
- Low B12 and normal Folate
- Tx: B12 injections
- Folic acid deficiencies:
- Low folate
- Causes neural tube deficits
- Tx: Oral folic acid
4 Types of Leukemias Correct Answers - (ALL): Acute
Lymphocytic
- (AML): Acute Myelogenous
- (CLL): Chronic Lymphocytic
- (CML): Chronic Myelogenous
5 Classifications of Anemias by etiology Correct Answers -
Altered Hgb synthesis
- Altered DNA from deficient nutrients
,- Stem Cell dysfunction
- Bone marrow infiltration
- RBC Destruction
ABCDE of Malignant Melanoma Correct Answers A =
Asymmetry
B = Borders
C = Color
D = Diameter
E = Evolving
Acute Leukemias Correct Answers - Usually seen in the
neonate period
- Onset is abrupt
- Survival is short
Agranulocytosis can be a complication of what? Correct
Answers Anti-thyroid medications
ALL is most commonly seen in... Correct Answers Kids
Alterations in Platelet Fx Correct Answers - Increased bleeding
time
- Disorders of platelet adhesion
[Bernard-Soulier syndrome or Von Wildbrand factor)
Alterations of Leukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2. Premature destruction of cells
, a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious
process Correct Answers Leukocytosis equals increase WBC's
Leukopenia Equals decreased wbc's
Alterations of Leukocytes - can be quantitative Correct
Answers *Quantitative*
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2.Premature destruction of cells
a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious
process
Alterations of Platelets/Coagulation
- 2 Types Correct Answers a) Quantitative: [Number problems)
- Thrombocytopenia [Too few)
- Thrombocythemia [Too many)
b) Qualitative:
- Affect structure/function of platelets
- May coexist with quantitative disorders
- Prevent platelet adherence/aggregation, preventing a platelet
plug which allows pt to bleed out
Alterations of Platelets/Coagulation Correct Answers 1.
Purpura [start with this)
- Diffuse hemorrhage into the skin
-2. Thromboembolic disease [Coagulation proceeds
needlessly)
3. Thrombocytopenia:
Platelet count < 100,000/mm3
[symptomatic until count is < 10K)
4. Psuedothrombocytopenia is from a lab error
[repeated lab test]
, Alterations of the Spleen
- Hematologic Alterations Correct Answers - Sequestering - Up
to 50% of the red cell population is in the spleen causing
splenomegaly and anemia)
Alterations of the Spleen Correct Answers - Organ of mystery
and perplexity
- Useful but not necessary
- Enlargement may not be pathological
- Overactive spleen criteria
- a.Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
- b. cellular bone marrow
- c. Splenomegaly
- d. Improvement after splenectomy
Anemia [aplastic and early iron deficiency] Correct Answers -
EARLY iron deficiency [transferrin rises [when iron stores in
body are low] and ferritin falls[blood cell contains iron] =Iron
deficiency anemia
- Aplastic Anemia - Cancer hypoplastic cell invading the bone
marrow where red blood cells are made
Anemia Patho Correct Answers - Defined as a Hgb less than 10
- Pernicious Anemia: = Lack of B12 and/or intrinsic factor)
- Hypoxia [rate of RBC production is increased by
erythropoietin in response to this
- Bone Marrow suppression
due to CA, drugs, radiation, chemo)
- Disorders of hemostasis
- Disorders of Leukocytes
