2023 AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 TEST BANK ALL 1355 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | ALREADY GRADED A2023 AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 TEST BANK ALL 1355 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | ALREADY GRADED A2023 AQA A ...
2023 AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 TEST BANK
ALL 1355 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
| ALREADY GRADED A
What type of theory can cell theory be described as? - ANSWER- A unifying
concept
What is a unifying concpet? - ANSWER- A concept that is universally accepted
among the scientific community
What are the three main ideas that Cell Theory states? - ANSWER- - All living
organisms are made up of one or more cells
-Cells are the basic functional unit
- New cells are produced from pre-existing cells
Describe what is meant by this statement: "Cells are the basic functional unit" -
ANSWER- That cells are the basic unit of structure and organization within an
organism
Name sub-cellular structures that compose the structure of Eukaryotic Cells -
ANSWER- Cell Surface Membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi Apparatus
(vacuoles)
Vesicles
,Lysosomes
Centrioles
Microtubules
What are all cells surrounded by? - ANSWER- a cell surface membrane
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER- To control the
exchange of materials between the internal and external environment of the cell
What is the plasma membrane formed from? - ANSWER- phospholipid bilayer
What is a phospholipid? - ANSWER- It is a lipid that has a phosphate group
attached to the glycerol and only two fatty acid chains.
Estimate the diameter of the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane -
ANSWER- ~10nm in diameter
What term can be used to describe the plasmsa membrane - ANSWER- partially
permeable
Define partially permeable - ANSWER- membrane that allows some substances to
cross but not others.
Where are cell walls formed? - ANSWER- Outside the cell surface membrane
What is the function of the cell wall? - ANSWER- A rigid layer that supports the
cell and provides shape while simultaneously providing protection
How is the structural support of the cell wall provided in plants? - ANSWER-
Through the polysaccharide cellulose
How is structural support of the cell wall provided in most bacterial cells? -
ANSWER- Peptidoglycan (a.k.a. murein)
How can the cell wall be described? - ANSWER- Freely permeable to most
substances
What are plasmodesmata? - ANSWER- Narrow threads of cytoplasm (surrounded
by plasma membrane) connect the cytoplasms of neighbouring plant cells together
,Describe the function of the mitochondria - ANSWER- They are the site of aerobic
respiration within eukaryotes
Describe the features of the Mitochondria's membrane - ANSWER- They are
surrounded by a double membrane with the inner membrane folded to form
structures called cristae.
What are the functions of Cristae? - ANSWER- -Increase surface area of the inner
membrane
-allows inner membrane to accommodate large numbers of the protein complexes
needed for: solute transport, electron transport, ATP synthesis
What is the area within the Mitochondria's double membrane called? - ANSWER-
the matrix
What is the function of the matrix which is formed by the cristae? - ANSWER- To
contain enzymes required for aerobic respiration resulting in the synthesis of ATP
Other than enzymes what else can be found in the matrix and state its purpose -
ANSWER- Small pieces of mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes are also found in
the matrix which are required for replication
Are mitochondria visible under light microscopes - ANSWER- Just as they are
large organelles
Other than the plasms membrane what is present in all eukaryotic cells? -
ANSWER- Nucleus and it is relatively large
What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm - ANSWER- A double membrane
called the nuclear envelope which contains many nuclear pores
Why are nuclear pores important? [two marks in and out] - ANSWER- They act as
important channels for:
- mRNA and Ribosomes to travel out
- enzymes and signaling molecules to travel in.
Give an example of an enzyme required in the nucleus - ANSWER- DNA
polymerase
What can be found within the nucleoplasm? - ANSWER- Chromatin
, When does chromatin dissolve into Chromosomes? - ANSWER- During the
prophase stage of mitosis
What do Chromosomes consist of? - ANSWER- Chromosomes consist of linear
DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones
What sub-cellular structure do most nuclei contain at least one of? - ANSWER-
Nucleolus
What is the function of the nucleolus? - ANSWER- To be the site of ribosome
production
What are Chloroplasts - ANSWER- A membrane bound organelle which act as the
site of photosynthesis
Compare the size of a chloroplast to a mitochondrion - ANSWER- larger
Describe the membrane of a chloroplast? - ANSWER- Chloroplasts are surrounded
by double membranes.
What is the stroma? - ANSWER- The fluid filled internal space within a
chloroplast
Which structures can be found within the stroma? - ANSWER- - Thylakoids
- Grana
- Small circular pieces of Chloroplast DNA
- Ribosomes
- Lipid Droplets
- Starch Granules
What are thylakoids? - ANSWER- Membrane-bound compartments which contain
chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll? - ANSWER- Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment
embedded within the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts
What is the function of chlorophyll? - ANSWER- To absorb the wavelengths of
visible light between 400 and 700 nanometers to provide energy for the light
dependent stages of photosynthesis
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