Biology 1100 Exam 2 (Study Guide: Mitosis and Meiosis) Questions and Answers
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What reproduces through cell division? Prokaryotes and single celled eukaryotes reproduce asexually through cell division
What requires the entire genome to be replicated? o In prokaryotes: binary fission o In eukaryotes: mitosis
What do Eukaryotic cells use mitosis for? ♣ Growth ♣ Repair dam...
Biology 1100 Exam 2 (Study Guide:
Mitosis and Meiosis) Questions and
Answers
What reproduces through cell division? ✅Prokaryotes and single celled eukaryotes
reproduce asexually through cell division
What requires the entire genome to be replicated? ✅o In prokaryotes: binary fission
o In eukaryotes: mitosis
What do Eukaryotic cells use mitosis for? ✅♣ Growth
♣ Repair damage tissues
What is Mitosis not used for? ✅form gametes (sex cells-sperm and eggs
When is DNA divided among several chromosomes? ✅In Eurkaryotes
♣ Each chromosome = one strand of dna
What happens before cell division? ✅♣ Chromosomes not visible
♣ Dna loosely arranged in nucleus
♣ Dna condenses into chromosomes
Explain eukaryotic Chromosomes ✅o 1 chromosomes = 2 sister chromatids
♣ Identical molecules of DNA as a result of DNA replication
♣ 1 molecule of DNA per chromosome
Which organisms have 2 sets of chromosomes? ✅Eukarotype
♣ One from mom, one from dad (homologous chromosomes)
What does each homologous chromosomes contain? ✅DNA with the same genes
If you have 2 sets of chromosomes ✅diploid
Explain factors of human Chromosomes? ✅o Humans typically have 46 chromosomes
o 2 sets of 23 homologous chromosomes
o There are cases of atypical number of chromosomes
What is the basis of mitosis? ✅o Begins with one parent cell
o ALL of the DNA is replicated
o In eukaryotes - DNA condenses into chromosomes
o Cell divides, and each daughter cell gets a set of DNA that is identical
, What is the first step of mitosis? ✅One cell divides into two 2 identical daughter cells
What is the second step of mitosis? ✅Chromosomes finish condensing, nuclear
membrane breaks down (interphase to mitosis)
What is the third step to mitosis? ✅Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
What is the fourth step to mitosis? ✅Sister chromatids separate
What is the fifth step to mitosis? ✅New nuclear membranes begin to form
What is the final step to mitosis? ✅Cytokinesis: cytoplasm is divided into the two
daughter cells
What is the cell cycle? ✅Alternation of activities between processes related to growth
and processes related to cell division
How many phases are in the cell cycle? ✅Two
1.Interphase
2.Cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis )
What is Interphase? ✅-90% of the cell cycle
-Cell growth
-Regular cellular functions
-DNA replication
-Chromosomes begin to condense
What is the overview of mitosis? ✅Chromosomes finish condensing, nuclear
membrane breaks down
Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
Sister chromatids separate
New nuclear membranes begin to form
Cytokinesis: cytoplasm is divided into the two daughter cells
Explain Cell Cycle Regulation ✅Most cells have the ability to divide a lot
-Checkpoints: parts of the cell cycle that prevent the cell from continuing on in the cycle
until the last process is complete. (end of interphase right before mitosis is about to
start)
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