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Page 1 of 32
Nurs 6501 advanced pathophysiology final
and midterm 6501with 300 questions and
correct detailed answers (verified
answers)| newest 2024-2025|brandnew!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4
dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Plasma proteins
, Page 2 of 32
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Symport
A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome
5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Cri du chat syndrome
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that
the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe
this condition? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more
permeable to potassium
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more
permeable to potassium
How are cells specialized? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖through the process of
differentiation or maturation
, Page 3 of 32
What are the eight specialized cellular functions?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion,
excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular
organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Cellular
injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖the
largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The
chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖an aqueous solution (cytosol) that
fills the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in?
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend
, Page 4 of 32
throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and
transport of protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖a
network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory
vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖saclike
structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes.
These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic
form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖involved in the production and
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖The major workhorses
of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖. Mitochondria
contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes
ATP).
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