AP Government Federalism Part II| Bulk Questions and Answers| Compiled 2024/2025

AP Government Federalism Part II| Bulk Questions and Answers| Compiled 2024/2025 What is the definition of **federalism**? A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states. What document established the federal system in the United States? The U.S. Constitution. What does the **Supremacy Clause** state? It establishes that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties made under its authority are the supreme law of the land. What are **enumerated powers**? Powers explicitly granted to the federal government by the Constitution, primarily found in Article I, Section 8. What are **reserved powers**? Powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution and are reserved for the states. What does the **Tenth Amendment** emphasize regarding federalism? It reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people. 2 What is the significance of the **Necessary and Proper Clause**? It allows Congress to make laws that are necessary to carry out its enumerated powers, providing flexibility in governance. What role do **concurrent powers** play in federalism? They are powers shared by both the federal and state governments, such as the power to tax. What is the purpose of **interstate commerce regulation** by the federal government? To regulate trade and economic activity across state lines, promoting a unified national market. What are **block grants**? Federal funds given to states for general purposes, allowing states greater discretion in how to spend the money. What are **categorical grants**? Federal funds allocated to states for specific purposes, often with strict regulations on how the money is to be spent. What does **federal preemption** mean? The principle that federal law takes precedence over state law when there is a conflict, limiting state authority in certain areas. How does **cooperative federalism** differ from dual federalism? Cooperative federalism involves collaboration between federal and state governments, while dual federalism involves clear separation of powers. 3 What was the impact of the **New Deal** on federalism? It expanded the role of the federal government in economic regulation and social welfare, leading to increased federal-state cooperation. What is the significance of **state constitutions** in the federal system? They establish the structure, powers, and functions of state governments, often providing greater protections for individual rights than the federal Constitution. How does the **full faith and credit clause** affect states? It requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states, fostering unity. What is the meaning of the **privileges and immunities clause**? It prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states, promoting equality among residents of different states. What role do **federal mandates** play in federalism? They are requirements imposed by the federal government on states, often without providing funding, compelling compliance with federal standards. What does the concept of **devolution** refer to in federalism? The transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to state or local governments, emphasizing state autonomy. 4 What is the relationship between **federalism** and **civil rights**? Federalis