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soc 185 midterm Chamberlain College Of Nursing Question and answers already passed 2024/2025 soc 185 midterm KARL MARX what are the types of value? - correct answer use value exchange value surplus value what is use value? - correct answer subjective, qualitative measure of some...

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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

soc 185 midterm
KARL MARX
what are the types of value? - correct answer ✔use value
exchange value
surplus value


what is use value? - correct answer ✔subjective, qualitative measure of
some human want or need (what a commodity is "used for")


what is exchange value? - correct answer ✔objective, quantitative measure
of value of a commodity (and what it is "exchanged for"), based upon quantity
of labor required to produce it


what is surplus value? - correct answer ✔value extracted by capital during
production process by not paying the workers the full value of their labor in
terms of how much value the added to the product through their work; using
this "surplus labor time" as the eventual source of profit.... IMAGINE a worker
is paid 10 dollars an hour to work a machine that gives the capitalist 40 dollars
of work...-20 for costs so capitalist= 10 dollars of SURPLUS VALUE... think
added value


what is Socially Necessary Labor Time? - correct answer ✔the quantitative
measure of exchange value, determined by the average amount of labor it
takes to produce a certain commodity in a particular society


what are the two types of labor? - correct answer ✔Concrete Useful Labor
and Abstract Labor

,what is concrete useful labor? - correct answer ✔specific or skilled labor,
associated with production of use values


what is abstract labor? - correct answer ✔general unskilled labor, associated
with production of exchange values or value


what is the exploitation of labor under capitalism? - correct answer ✔Use of
wage labor to produce commodities by paying workers a wage rather than the
full value added by the workers to the product during the labor process


what is human labor vs. bee labor? - correct answer ✔Human labor involves
creativity and imagination, even if result is poor
Bee labor involves instinctual repetition, often with beautiful results


what are the 4 social classes? - correct answer ✔Bourgeoisie - owners of
large capitalist enterprises
Proletariat - modern working class, mainly in factories
Peasantry -- rural laboring class, in situation of serfdom under European
feudalism
Aristocracy (Lords) -- large landowners, more dominant under precapitalist
societies like feudalism


what is historical materialism? - correct answer ✔a way of viewing society
that emphasizes material production, how we gain our economic sustenance
as key to rest of our social arrangements


what is idealism? - correct answer ✔the belief that ideas are the driving force
of change in human societies

, what is dialectic? - correct answer ✔contradiction, clash, or "dialogue"
between two polar opposites. Can be between ideas and society, "ought" vs.
"is," ideal vs. actual, material vs. ideal, internal (mental) vs. external (physical),
etc. Often the result of such a clash is another clash.


what is subjective marxism vs objective marxism? - correct answer
✔Subjective Marxism: emphasizes human agency and human ability to
intentionally alter the course of history
Objective Marxism: emphasizes the ways in which capital has a "life of its
own" and comes to dominate people (think The Matrix)


what is commodity fetishism? - correct answer ✔Commodity Fetishism is a
form of interaction under industrial capitalism in which the following take
place:
human relations as relations between inanimate things, robbed of their
subjectivity
relations between products of labor (commodities) assume a human form,
with agency and subjectivity
products of labor hidden underneath a fetish that hides how things were
produced
mystification of social relations to hide the underlying inequality and
exploitation


what is communism? - correct answer ✔Marx's terms for the new society of
the future, based upon common ownership of means of production and
humans retaking control over machines and capital


what is capital? - correct answer ✔surplus value reinvested back into the
production process

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