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DVA3706 EXAMINATION PACK 2024 Explain why it is important to re-define the concept of migration within the context of rural development. Evaluate the significance of the Green Economy, Sustainable Development, and Green Grabbing in rural development. D€5,37
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DVA3706 EXAMINATION PACK 2024 Explain why it is important to re-define the concept of migration within the context of rural development. Evaluate the significance of the Green Economy, Sustainable Development, and Green Grabbing in rural development. D
DVA3706 EXAMINATION PACK 2024
Explain why it is important to re-define the concept of migration within the context of rural development.
Evaluate the significance of the Green Economy, Sustainable Development, and Green Grabbing in rural development.
Discuss why rural development is a comp...
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Question 1
Introduction
Migration, historically defined as the movement of people from one place to another, is
typically associated with rural-urban migration, where individuals leave rural areas in
search of better opportunities in cities. However, in the context of rural development,
migration needs to be redefined to capture the complexities of movement in and out of
rural areas, including circular migration, seasonal migration, and even rural-to-rural
migration. Understanding migration within rural development requires a broader
perspective that accounts for the socio-economic, environmental, and demographic
factors influencing these movements. This essay will explain why redefining migration is
important in rural development by exploring its impact on livelihoods, agricultural
productivity, remittances, social dynamics, and sustainable rural economies.
Traditional vs. Contemporary Definitions of Migration
Traditional Definition of Migration: Migration is often viewed as the movement from
rural to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities, education, and
healthcare. This view largely emphasizes rural depopulation, which negatively affects
agricultural productivity and weakens rural economies.
Contemporary Views of Migration
In rural development, migration is not always unidirectional (rural-to-urban). It involves
multiple forms, such as:
Circular Migration
Individuals, especially agricultural laborers, move temporarily to cities or other rural areas
for work but return home during the off-season.
Seasonal Migration
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People migrate temporarily during agricultural peak seasons to work in fields and return
to their rural homes during the off-season.
Rural-to-Rural Migration
This involves the movement of people between rural areas, often in search of better
farming opportunities or resources like water and grazing lands.
In India, the traditional view of migration was mainly focused on rural-urban flows, but
recent research highlights significant levels of rural-to-rural migration, especially among
agricultural workers seeking seasonal employment (Deshingkar & Farrington, 2009).
Similarly, circular migration in many African countries highlights the complexity of the rural
migration patterns.
Migration as a Livelihood Strategy
Migration is often a key livelihood strategy for rural households, allowing them to diversify
income sources and reduce risk, especially in the face of agricultural uncertainty and
climate change. By redefining migration in the context of rural development, we recognize
its role in sustaining rural economies.
Migration as Income Diversification
Many rural households rely on remittances from family members who migrate temporarily
or permanently to urban areas or abroad. These remittances often provide a vital source
of income, reducing household vulnerability to economic shocks, such as poor harvests.
In Bangladesh, millions of people migrate to the Middle East for work and send
remittances back to their rural families. These remittances help to build houses, invest in
education, and improve agricultural practices, playing a key role in rural development
(Afsar, 2003).
Social Networks and Migration
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