©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/7/2024 11:03AM
GEOG 203 Final Exam Questions With
Verified Answers.
physiognomic classification - answer✔- Based on functional + morphological attributes
- Groups plants simply upon similarities in structure or life form - e.g. height, leaf shape,
branching
2 individuals may have similar structure, but be genetically distant (e.g. if they are adapted to
similar environments)
- E.g. Tree, shrub
Biogeography - answer✔The study of the distribution of organisms (plants and animals), the
diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes, past of present,
that produce Earth's species richness
phytogeography - answer✔biogeography applied to plants
Historical biogeography - answer✔Reconstructing the origin, dispersal and extinction of taxa
and biotas
Ecological biogeography - answer✔Accounting for present distributions in terms of interactions
between organisms and their physical and biotic environments
Paleoecology - answer✔relationships between organisms and past environments
Species - answer✔- Basic unit of classification
- Group of organisms with structural, functional, and developmental similarities
- Group of organisms where all members do or have the potential to breed with one another and
produce fertile offspring
- Each has a unique two-part name - denoted with italics
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/7/2024 11:03AM
(Genus capitalized - must include genus and species epithet)
Linnean classification - answer✔Hierarchical levels of taxonomic classification are based upon
evolutionary relationships, assuming relationships in genetic (DNA) structure
Taxonomic Hierarchy - answer✔Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Tree - answer✔Perennial, erect woody plant having a single upright main trunk
Shrub - answer✔Woody plant having several stems branching near the ground
Lianas - answer✔Long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use
trees, as well as other means of vertical support to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit
areas of the forest
Herbs or herbaceous plants - answer✔- Lack woody stems and are usually of shorter stature than
trees
--> Grasses, sedges and rushes = graminoids - have parallel venation - some graminoids can be
arboreal = the height of trees -e.g. papyrus = arboreal sedge common in tropical wetlands
--> Forbs - have dendritic or webbed venation
Epiphytes - answer✔- Plants that use other plants as supporting structures
- Not rooted in the ground, and do not take nutrients or energy from the plant they grow on - not
parasitic
- Live entirely aboveground, supported physically, but not nutritionally by the structure of other
plants
thallophytes - answer✔- Lichens, mosses, liverworts, etc
- Require moist environments
Annual - answer✔Lives a single season
Perennial - answer✔Lives for multiple seasons
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/7/2024 11:03AM
Deciduous - answer✔Sheds leaves and becomes dormant in unfavourable seasons
Evergreen - answer✔Retains green foliage all year round
Forest - answer✔Vegetation where trees grow close together - in mature forests, we generally
assume that canopies overlap
- Typically 4 layers: tree layer - includes crown which can comprise canopy, liana, epiphytes, etc
- Shrub layer, herb + moss layer
- Shrub layer - comprised of young trees and shorter shrubs - generally not continuous
- Herbs + thallophytes on forest floor - in temperate and deciduous forest they grow most in the
spring and late fall when light is available
Temperate regions - answer✔- Lie between the tropical and polar regions
- Generally relatively moderate temperatures
Woodland - answer✔Vegetation where trees are spaced so that crowns are separated
The Kyoto Protocol - answer✔The ultimate goal is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system
Net changes in greenhouse gas emissions determined by considering: - answer✔- Reductions in
emissions by sources
- Removals of sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use changes
- Forestry activity - creation of sinks: afforestation, reforestation - removal of sinks: deforestation
Afforestation - answer✔- Planting of new forests on lands which historically have not contained
forest
- Historically ambiguous term - if you look far enough in the past, most places had forests at
some point
Reforestation - answer✔Planting of forests on lands which have historically previously contained
forest but have been converted to some other land use
Deforestation - answer✔Not defined in kyoto protocol, but presumably conversion of forests to
non-forest (pasture or cropland)
UNFCC Forest definition - answer✔Min area = 0.05-1 ha
10/7/2024 11:03AM
GEOG 203 Final Exam Questions With
Verified Answers.
physiognomic classification - answer✔- Based on functional + morphological attributes
- Groups plants simply upon similarities in structure or life form - e.g. height, leaf shape,
branching
2 individuals may have similar structure, but be genetically distant (e.g. if they are adapted to
similar environments)
- E.g. Tree, shrub
Biogeography - answer✔The study of the distribution of organisms (plants and animals), the
diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes, past of present,
that produce Earth's species richness
phytogeography - answer✔biogeography applied to plants
Historical biogeography - answer✔Reconstructing the origin, dispersal and extinction of taxa
and biotas
Ecological biogeography - answer✔Accounting for present distributions in terms of interactions
between organisms and their physical and biotic environments
Paleoecology - answer✔relationships between organisms and past environments
Species - answer✔- Basic unit of classification
- Group of organisms with structural, functional, and developmental similarities
- Group of organisms where all members do or have the potential to breed with one another and
produce fertile offspring
- Each has a unique two-part name - denoted with italics
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/7/2024 11:03AM
(Genus capitalized - must include genus and species epithet)
Linnean classification - answer✔Hierarchical levels of taxonomic classification are based upon
evolutionary relationships, assuming relationships in genetic (DNA) structure
Taxonomic Hierarchy - answer✔Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Tree - answer✔Perennial, erect woody plant having a single upright main trunk
Shrub - answer✔Woody plant having several stems branching near the ground
Lianas - answer✔Long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use
trees, as well as other means of vertical support to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit
areas of the forest
Herbs or herbaceous plants - answer✔- Lack woody stems and are usually of shorter stature than
trees
--> Grasses, sedges and rushes = graminoids - have parallel venation - some graminoids can be
arboreal = the height of trees -e.g. papyrus = arboreal sedge common in tropical wetlands
--> Forbs - have dendritic or webbed venation
Epiphytes - answer✔- Plants that use other plants as supporting structures
- Not rooted in the ground, and do not take nutrients or energy from the plant they grow on - not
parasitic
- Live entirely aboveground, supported physically, but not nutritionally by the structure of other
plants
thallophytes - answer✔- Lichens, mosses, liverworts, etc
- Require moist environments
Annual - answer✔Lives a single season
Perennial - answer✔Lives for multiple seasons
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/7/2024 11:03AM
Deciduous - answer✔Sheds leaves and becomes dormant in unfavourable seasons
Evergreen - answer✔Retains green foliage all year round
Forest - answer✔Vegetation where trees grow close together - in mature forests, we generally
assume that canopies overlap
- Typically 4 layers: tree layer - includes crown which can comprise canopy, liana, epiphytes, etc
- Shrub layer, herb + moss layer
- Shrub layer - comprised of young trees and shorter shrubs - generally not continuous
- Herbs + thallophytes on forest floor - in temperate and deciduous forest they grow most in the
spring and late fall when light is available
Temperate regions - answer✔- Lie between the tropical and polar regions
- Generally relatively moderate temperatures
Woodland - answer✔Vegetation where trees are spaced so that crowns are separated
The Kyoto Protocol - answer✔The ultimate goal is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system
Net changes in greenhouse gas emissions determined by considering: - answer✔- Reductions in
emissions by sources
- Removals of sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use changes
- Forestry activity - creation of sinks: afforestation, reforestation - removal of sinks: deforestation
Afforestation - answer✔- Planting of new forests on lands which historically have not contained
forest
- Historically ambiguous term - if you look far enough in the past, most places had forests at
some point
Reforestation - answer✔Planting of forests on lands which have historically previously contained
forest but have been converted to some other land use
Deforestation - answer✔Not defined in kyoto protocol, but presumably conversion of forests to
non-forest (pasture or cropland)
UNFCC Forest definition - answer✔Min area = 0.05-1 ha
