6Sigma Intermediate Graphical Analysis Questions & Answers

Creating a Scatter Diagram - ANSWERS1. Must have ordinal or nominal data that is broken into categories 2. Highlight the cells containing the data plus cells containing the data labels. Must highlight two sets of data that you want to compare 3. Select Insert Charts Scatter 4. Use Excel formatting tools to customize the chart title, colors, and labels Visual Depictions - ANSWERSThese are tools that make it easier for 6Sigma professionals or sponsors to retell the story to others, which can be helpful for training, building cultural buy-in for a process change, or even resource requests. Graphical Analysis Tools - ANSWERSPareto Charts (ch. 5 & 14) Run Charts (ch. 13) Box Plots (ch. 14) Introduction to Control Charts (ch. 16) Introduction to Scatter Diagrams (ch. 14) Bar Charts - ANSWERSRecognizable and easy to create and read. Uses both nominal or ordinal data. Other benefits: 1. the ability to summarize large data sets in a simple visual format 2. the ability to clarify trends 3. a well-formatted chart allows most people to easily estimate important values 4. the ability to visually check data and identify areas where data might be skewed 5. the ability to easily display data sets that range above and below zero on the same chart Bar Chart's Limitation - ANSWERSRarely on their own provides detailed data about causes or patterns in data, easy to manipulate colors, order, and layout of a bar chart to influence the intended message Nominal Data - ANSWERS1. Nominal is considered to be the lowest data classification level and simply involves applying number labels to a qualitative description so statistical analysis programs and tests can be applied to the data. The numbers assigned to each category don't provide any information about whether the data is better or worse than other data in the listing - in nominal data, numbers don't reflect a scale. 2. data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender, Race, Religion) Ordinal Data - ANSWERS1. A higher form of data than nominal data. The numbers provide meaning, the numbers are qualitative in nature, but they are also ranked in an order that makes sense 2. data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: on a scale 1 to 10, Suzy rated movie A as a 10 and movie B as a 9, the conclusion is Suzy likes movie A better, but exactly how much more she liked the movie is not discernible using ordinal data.) Creating a Bar Chart on Excel - ANSWERS1. Enter data within correct labels 2. Highlight the cells that you want to chart as well as the labels for the data/cells 3. Select Insert Chart Bar Chart 4. Select appropriate bar charts 5. Use Excel formatting tools to customize the chart title, colors, and labels Column Chart - ANSWERSThe basic and most common bar chart, the visual columns representing each data category rise vertically or horizontally. 3-D Bar or Column Chart - ANSWERSSimilar to the 2-d column chart, but with added visual appeal to a presentation. 3-d charts are helpful if you are presenting a number of similar-looking charts in a row, as it helps to differentiate between information in your presentation. Stacked Bar Charts - ANSWERSLets you display the total nominal or ordinal data for each category while also breaking that information into color coded category ex: a category of sports also have bar charts split between win percentages of home team vs visiting team Creating a Stacked Bar Chart - ANSWERS1. Must have ordinal or nominal data that is broken into categories 2. The categories must be the same for each data set so that the total sub-category numbers equals the total of the main category. ex: 3 bags broken into numbers of marbles, the number of marbles are broken further down into categories of colors 3. Highlight the cells containing the data plus cells containing the data labels 4. Select Insert Charts Bar Charts Stacked Bar Chart 5. Use Excel formatting tools to customize the chart title, colors, and labels Pie Chart - ANSWERSA visual tool that shows the relationship of a part to a whole. Pie Chart Benefits - ANSWERS1. The ability to summarize large amounts of specific data types in a visual format 2. simplicity, pie chart is one of the simplest types of graphs 3. The ability to identify obvious problems with data or calculations 4. Pie charts usually require very little extra explanation when labeled correctly 5. Display the relevance of subset data within a total data set. Pie Chart Limitations - ANSWERS1. Don't always carry the weight that a more advanced statistical representation might because business employees are so used to seeing them 2. Can also be easily manipulated like bar charts 3. Usually fail to easily display changes over time 4. Can be difficult to visualize exact values when presented with a pie chart.