what did rudolf virchow identify in relation to he
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SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
MIDTERM 1 WEEKS 1-3 (CHAPTERS 1,3,4 +
ADDITIONAL READING) QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What are social determinants of health? Answer - Economic and social
conditions that shape the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions
as a whole.
Since a social determinants of health approach sees the mainsprings of health
as being how a society organizes and distributes economic and social
resources, it directs attention to ________ and ______ policies as a means of
improving it. Answer - Economic
Social
It has been known since the mid-19th century that __________ __________
are the primary determinants of health. Answer - Living conditions
True/false. Material and social circumstances to which people in developed
nations such as Canada are exposed to in their homes, workplaces, and
communities are far more important to their health than so-called "lifestyle
choices" ie. using tobacco or alcohol, partaking in physical activity. Answer -
True
What is the problem with current governmental and public health activities
focused on promoting health? Answer - Instead of efforts to improve
Canadian's living conditions, individualized approaches focus on biomedical
and behavioural risk factors. When living conditions are considered it is usually
,to identify those Canadians whose living conditions are said to put them at risk
for making "unhealthy lifestyle choices" (health behaviours that are less
important determinants of health) rather that urging governmental authorities
to improve their living circumstances (a primary determinant of health).
True/false. Surveys show that Canadians have good awareness of the important
role that living conditions play in determining health. Answer - False. They
have little awareness of this.
What three factors did English political economist Friedrich Engels discover
were the primary contributors to social class differences in health? Answer -
Material living conditions, day to day stress, and the adoption of health
threatening behaviours.
What did Rudolf Virchow identify in relation to health? Answer - How health-
threatening living conditions were rooted in public policy-making and
emphasized the role that politics played in promoting health and preventing
disease.
What 2 UK reports sparked interest in how social conditions shape health?
What is the significance of these studies? What did they describe? Answer - 1.
Black Report (1980); Health Divide (1992)
2. Stimulated the study of health inequalities, the factors that determine them,
and how public policy can increase or reduce them.
3. Lowest employment-level groups showed a greater likelihood of suffering
from a wide range of diseases and dying prematurely from illness or injury at
every stage of the life cycle.
Professionals have the best health, followed by skilled workers, and manual
labourers the worst.
In 1974 the federal government's A New Perspective on the Health of
Canadians identified what 4 factors as determinants of health? What was the
, significance of this document? Answer - 1. Human biology, environment,
lifestyle, and health care organization.
2. It outlined determinants of health outside of the health care system.
The Canadian government document Achieving Health for All: A Framework for
Health Promotion outlined what? Answer - Reducing inequities between
income groups as an important goal of government policy.
In its Action Statement for Health Promotion in Canada, the Canadian Public
Health Association (CPHA) identified what as the single best strategy to affect
the determinants of health? Answer - Advocating for healthy public policies.
The study of the social determinants of health deals with what 2 key problems?
Answer - 1. What are the societal factors (ie. income, education, employment
conditions) that shape health and and help explain health inequalities.
2. What are the societal forces (ie. economic, social, political) that shape the
quality of these societal factors?
In what publishing did the term "social determinants of health" make its
debut? What is the name of the man who fleshed out the environmental
determinants of health in this report? Answer - Health and Social Organization:
Towards a Health Policy for the 21st Century
Tarlov
What 4 criteria were used to identify the 23 key social determinants of health
especially relevant to Canadians (developed at the York University Social
Determinants of Health across the Lifespan conference)? Answer - 1. All these
social determinants of health (SDH) are important to the health of Canadians.
2. All these SDH are understandable to Canadians.
3. All these SDH have clear policy relevance to Canadians decision makers and
citizens.
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