Chapter 25 Submersion Incidents: Drowning and Diving
Emergencies || Already Graded A+.
Which set of reflexes correctly describes the mammalian diving reflex? correct answers Heart
rate slows, larynx spasms, breathing is inhibited
Gastric distention can be caused by: correct answers delivering ventilations too forcefully.
Which of the following is a substance that prevents the alveoli from collapsing? correct answers
Surfactant
Which of the following is a condition resulting from effects on the body due to changes in
ambient pressure? correct answers Dysbarism
How can the incidence of drowning deaths be reduced MOST easily? correct answers By
wearing a personal flotation device
You are teaching a group of young school students about water safety during EMS Week at your
local school. Of the following, what is one thing you should be sure to tell the students? correct
answers Never dive into shallow water or unfamiliar water.
You have been tasked with teaching a class on child injury prevention. Which of the following is
an accurate statement regarding drowning prevention? correct answers Water and alcohol do not
mix.
Which of the following would help prevent submersion incidents? correct answers Wearing
personal flotation devices (PFD) while boating
Among adults, a frequent contributing factor to drowning deaths is: correct answers Alcohol
intoxication
What contributory factor is found in MOST adult male victims of drowning? correct answers
Elevated blood alcohol levels
Which patient population is LEAST likely to drown? correct answers Females
An unconscious 24-year-old man has just been pulled from a lake after diving from a cliff.
Which of the following conditions likely led to the submersion? correct answers Trauma
If three or more Orlowski predictors of survival are present, the chance of survival is only correct
answers 5%
Which of the following is considered a critical factor for a better outcome of a submerged
patient? correct answers Quick rescue with early resuscitation
, Prognosis of a submersion victim decreases if resuscitation does not begin within: correct
answers 10 minutes.
Which of the following is an Orlowski predictor of poor survival? correct answers The patient is
comatose on delivery to the emergency department.
Which choice is the BEST indicator of survivability for a patient submerged? correct answers
Quick rescue and early resuscitation
The colder the water in which a child is submerged: correct answers the greater the chance for
survival.
During a drowning incident, what is the event that starts the downward spiral of the patient that
leads to cardiac arrest? correct answers Lack of ventilation
The victim of a drowning has been pulled out of the water and CPR started by lifeguards. They
are providing high-quality compressions but are having difficulty getting the chest to rise with
ventilations. The patient's stomach does NOT appear to be distended. What is the MOST likely
problem with providing adequate ventilations on this patient? correct answers The airway is not
properly opened.
What happens to the small amount of water that enters the patient's lungs during a drowning
incident? correct answers It is absorbed by the body.
What occurs during a drowning incident that helps to prevent water from being aspirated into the
lungs? correct answers Laryngospasm
What condition is the result of surfactant being washed out of the alveoli of a drowning patient?
correct answers Atelectasis
What is one of the greatest risk factors for people who swim or dive into shallow water? correct
answers Cervical injury
In shallow water drowning events, fractures of the arms, ribs, or neck are likely to be the result
of: correct answers diving
Any time a drowning event occurs in shallow water, the EMT should assume that: correct
answers spinal injury is involved.
If diving is involved in a drowning incident, you should always assume the patient could receive
what injury? correct answers Spinal
You should NEVER attempt a water rescue unless you: correct answers are wearing a personal
flotation device.
Emergencies || Already Graded A+.
Which set of reflexes correctly describes the mammalian diving reflex? correct answers Heart
rate slows, larynx spasms, breathing is inhibited
Gastric distention can be caused by: correct answers delivering ventilations too forcefully.
Which of the following is a substance that prevents the alveoli from collapsing? correct answers
Surfactant
Which of the following is a condition resulting from effects on the body due to changes in
ambient pressure? correct answers Dysbarism
How can the incidence of drowning deaths be reduced MOST easily? correct answers By
wearing a personal flotation device
You are teaching a group of young school students about water safety during EMS Week at your
local school. Of the following, what is one thing you should be sure to tell the students? correct
answers Never dive into shallow water or unfamiliar water.
You have been tasked with teaching a class on child injury prevention. Which of the following is
an accurate statement regarding drowning prevention? correct answers Water and alcohol do not
mix.
Which of the following would help prevent submersion incidents? correct answers Wearing
personal flotation devices (PFD) while boating
Among adults, a frequent contributing factor to drowning deaths is: correct answers Alcohol
intoxication
What contributory factor is found in MOST adult male victims of drowning? correct answers
Elevated blood alcohol levels
Which patient population is LEAST likely to drown? correct answers Females
An unconscious 24-year-old man has just been pulled from a lake after diving from a cliff.
Which of the following conditions likely led to the submersion? correct answers Trauma
If three or more Orlowski predictors of survival are present, the chance of survival is only correct
answers 5%
Which of the following is considered a critical factor for a better outcome of a submerged
patient? correct answers Quick rescue with early resuscitation
, Prognosis of a submersion victim decreases if resuscitation does not begin within: correct
answers 10 minutes.
Which of the following is an Orlowski predictor of poor survival? correct answers The patient is
comatose on delivery to the emergency department.
Which choice is the BEST indicator of survivability for a patient submerged? correct answers
Quick rescue and early resuscitation
The colder the water in which a child is submerged: correct answers the greater the chance for
survival.
During a drowning incident, what is the event that starts the downward spiral of the patient that
leads to cardiac arrest? correct answers Lack of ventilation
The victim of a drowning has been pulled out of the water and CPR started by lifeguards. They
are providing high-quality compressions but are having difficulty getting the chest to rise with
ventilations. The patient's stomach does NOT appear to be distended. What is the MOST likely
problem with providing adequate ventilations on this patient? correct answers The airway is not
properly opened.
What happens to the small amount of water that enters the patient's lungs during a drowning
incident? correct answers It is absorbed by the body.
What occurs during a drowning incident that helps to prevent water from being aspirated into the
lungs? correct answers Laryngospasm
What condition is the result of surfactant being washed out of the alveoli of a drowning patient?
correct answers Atelectasis
What is one of the greatest risk factors for people who swim or dive into shallow water? correct
answers Cervical injury
In shallow water drowning events, fractures of the arms, ribs, or neck are likely to be the result
of: correct answers diving
Any time a drowning event occurs in shallow water, the EMT should assume that: correct
answers spinal injury is involved.
If diving is involved in a drowning incident, you should always assume the patient could receive
what injury? correct answers Spinal
You should NEVER attempt a water rescue unless you: correct answers are wearing a personal
flotation device.
