NUR 242 Exam 2 Practice Questions And
Accurate Complete Solutions.
List the parts of the chain of infection (in order): - Answer - infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
infectious agent - Answer something that contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite(s), or prion(s)
reservoir - Answer the habitat of the infectious agent and is where it lives, grows, and reproduces itself
or replicates
animate examples: people, insects, birds, animals
inanimate examples: contaminated soil, water, food, medical equipment, IV fluids, feces
portal of exit - Answer the means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir
examples: any body orifice (ears, nose, or mouth), the skin, or blood or body fluids that leave the body
through coughing, sneezing, etc.
mode of transmission - Answer how a bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, or prion moves from place to
place
contact transmission - Answer occurs when microorganisms move from an infected person to another
person
,droplet transmission - Answer occurs when airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of a client
travel through the air and into the mucosa of a host
can be from sneezing, coughing, singing, and talking
medical procedures like CPR and intubation can release droplets into the air
airborne transmission - Answer occurs when small particulates move into the airspace of another
person and carry infectious agents
these patients should be placed in a private room with negative air pressure (circulates the air outside of
the building)
portal of entry - Answer provides a place for an infectious agent to enter the individual so it can
replicate or its toxin can act
examples: any body orifice or the skin
List factors that increase host susceptibility (8): - Answer - age
- underlying disease (like HIV/AIDS)
- malignancy
- transplants
- medications (like immunosuppressants, antirejection meds, etc.)
- surgical procedures
- radiation therapy
- indwelling devices (like urinary catheters, central lines, etc.)
List the modes of transmission (5): - Answer - contact
- droplet
- airborne
,- vector
- vehicle
vehicle transmission - Answer transmission of infectious agents to multiple individuals through a
common source, such as contaminated food or water
example: food contaminated with e. coli
vector transmission - Answer transmission of infectious agents through animals, such as an inset or
rodent
examples: mosquitoes and rats
Who can be a susceptible host? (4) - Answer - elderly
- infants
- immunocompromised
- anyone
What are the 2 types of contact transmission? - Answer - direct
- indirect
direct contact - Answer transmission occurs when microorganisms are directly moved from the
infected person to another person without having a contaminated object or person between the 2
indirect contact - Answer transmission occurs when microorganisms are moved from the infected
person to another person with a contaminated object or person between the 2
List infections caused by airborne transmission (3): - Answer - tuberculosis
- rubeola (measles)
- varicella (chickenpox)
, List 2 infections spread through droplet transmission: - Answer - influenza virus
- Bordetella pertussis
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient has a draining, infected wound. The drainage touches a cut on the nurse's skin, leading to
infection. - Answer direct contact transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient who has a respiratory infection sneezes without covering the mouth and nose. A person a few
feet away becomes infected because large mucus particles land in their mouth. - Answer droplet
transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient who coughed in their hand touches a door handle. Another person touches the same door
handle and becomes infected with the same pathogen as the patient. - Answer indirect contact
transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A nurse enters a room where a patient who has a respirator infection was present for several hours. The
nurse inhales small particles that remain in the air and develops an infection. - Answer airborne
transmission
What are the 3 types of body defenses? - Answer - barriers (physical or chemical)
- nonspecific immunity
- specific immunity
Accurate Complete Solutions.
List the parts of the chain of infection (in order): - Answer - infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
infectious agent - Answer something that contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite(s), or prion(s)
reservoir - Answer the habitat of the infectious agent and is where it lives, grows, and reproduces itself
or replicates
animate examples: people, insects, birds, animals
inanimate examples: contaminated soil, water, food, medical equipment, IV fluids, feces
portal of exit - Answer the means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir
examples: any body orifice (ears, nose, or mouth), the skin, or blood or body fluids that leave the body
through coughing, sneezing, etc.
mode of transmission - Answer how a bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, or prion moves from place to
place
contact transmission - Answer occurs when microorganisms move from an infected person to another
person
,droplet transmission - Answer occurs when airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of a client
travel through the air and into the mucosa of a host
can be from sneezing, coughing, singing, and talking
medical procedures like CPR and intubation can release droplets into the air
airborne transmission - Answer occurs when small particulates move into the airspace of another
person and carry infectious agents
these patients should be placed in a private room with negative air pressure (circulates the air outside of
the building)
portal of entry - Answer provides a place for an infectious agent to enter the individual so it can
replicate or its toxin can act
examples: any body orifice or the skin
List factors that increase host susceptibility (8): - Answer - age
- underlying disease (like HIV/AIDS)
- malignancy
- transplants
- medications (like immunosuppressants, antirejection meds, etc.)
- surgical procedures
- radiation therapy
- indwelling devices (like urinary catheters, central lines, etc.)
List the modes of transmission (5): - Answer - contact
- droplet
- airborne
,- vector
- vehicle
vehicle transmission - Answer transmission of infectious agents to multiple individuals through a
common source, such as contaminated food or water
example: food contaminated with e. coli
vector transmission - Answer transmission of infectious agents through animals, such as an inset or
rodent
examples: mosquitoes and rats
Who can be a susceptible host? (4) - Answer - elderly
- infants
- immunocompromised
- anyone
What are the 2 types of contact transmission? - Answer - direct
- indirect
direct contact - Answer transmission occurs when microorganisms are directly moved from the
infected person to another person without having a contaminated object or person between the 2
indirect contact - Answer transmission occurs when microorganisms are moved from the infected
person to another person with a contaminated object or person between the 2
List infections caused by airborne transmission (3): - Answer - tuberculosis
- rubeola (measles)
- varicella (chickenpox)
, List 2 infections spread through droplet transmission: - Answer - influenza virus
- Bordetella pertussis
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient has a draining, infected wound. The drainage touches a cut on the nurse's skin, leading to
infection. - Answer direct contact transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient who has a respiratory infection sneezes without covering the mouth and nose. A person a few
feet away becomes infected because large mucus particles land in their mouth. - Answer droplet
transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A patient who coughed in their hand touches a door handle. Another person touches the same door
handle and becomes infected with the same pathogen as the patient. - Answer indirect contact
transmission
What type of transmission is the following an example of?
A nurse enters a room where a patient who has a respirator infection was present for several hours. The
nurse inhales small particles that remain in the air and develops an infection. - Answer airborne
transmission
What are the 3 types of body defenses? - Answer - barriers (physical or chemical)
- nonspecific immunity
- specific immunity
