Active transport requires energy and passive transport does not.
A toxin that is produced inside the cell and then exported outside of the cell
Gram+ bacteria; found on top of the peptidoglycan cell wall
Serves to anchor the outer membrane to the peptido glycan layer
Definition 2 of 139
Non traumatic injuries
The binding of tetanospasmin and the botulism toxin to nerve endings is
How do the archaea differ from eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
The most deadly form of gas gangrene is due to
What advantage do endospores provide to bacteria?
Definition 3 of 139
Fimbriae
The process by which a bacteriophage inserts it's viral DNA into the bacterial host genomic
DNA is called
What specific bacteria can be identified in Mannitol salt agar (how are they clinically
important)?
As described in class, this bacterial structure aids in the ability of bacteria to stick inside the
urinary tract in order to cause infection
Why do bacteria have to move molecules across the membrane?
,Term 4 of 139
What is an antigen?
a type of bacteria that can cause infections in humans
a chemical that neutralizes the effects of toxins in the body
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially
the production of antibodies.
thoracic duct that create antigens
Term 5 of 139
What is the process of transformation?
a method of bacterial reproduction involving spores.
a process where bacteria replicate their own dna.
a competent cell takes up a piece of naked DNA floating in its environment. (ex: cloning)
a mechanism for bacteria to produce proteins.
Term 6 of 139
In a Schaeffer-Fulton stain, what has to be done to the proteins in the cell membrane in order to
drive the primary stain into the endospore?
adds a chemical that dissolves the cell membrane
uses cold temperatures to solidify the stain
requires a special light to visualize the proteins
uses heat to drive the primary stain, malachite green, into the endospore
,Term 7 of 139
Microbial colonies are:
A diverse mixture of different species of bacteria living in harmony.
A collection of bacteria that have mutated to become resistant to antibiotics.
A random assortment of bacteria that have been introduced to a new environment.
A visible group of identical bacteria, all originating from a single cell.
Term 8 of 139
In order for a bacteria to adapt to living in a hypertonic solution, some bacteria may:
Release excess water into the environment.
Stop all cellular processes to conserve energy.
Change the structure of the cell membrane to become impermeable.
Import or manufacture solutes inside the cell to maintain an isotonic condition to the
environment
, Definition 9 of 139
bacillus- rod shaped, divide along a single axis, seen in pairs or chains.
coccus- spherical, divide on one or more planes, producing
cells in:
- pairs (diplococci)
- chains (streptococci)
a "strip" of cells
- packets (sarcinae)
- clusters (staphylococci)
like a hospital "staff"
spiral shaped:
- spirillum= spiral with rigid cell wall, flagella
- spirochete= spiral with flexible cell wall, axial filament
What are the different transport proteins? How do they operate?
What are beta, alpha and gamma hemolytic bacteria? How would they appear on blood
agar?
What are the basic shapes and arrangements of prokaryotic cells. (e.g. Staph vs. Strep),
cocci, bacilli
What are the different types of glycocalyxes and the advantage that they provide to
bacteria that have them (especially in pathogenesis)
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