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OCR A Level History AY303/01 English Government and the Church 1066–1216 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024 €10,60   In winkelwagen
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OCR A Level History AY303/01 English Government and the Church 1066–1216 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024
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OCR A Level History AY303/01 English Government and the Church 1066–1216 MERGED QUESTION PAPER AND MARK SCHEME FOR MAY 2024

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Thursday 23 May 2024 – Morning
A Level History A
Y303/01 English Government and the Church 1066–1216
Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes




Turn over

, 2

SECTION A

Read the two passages and answer Question 1.


1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages.

Explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of Henry I’s relationship with the
English Church. [30]


Passage A

It was on the observance of this ‘custom of his ancestors’ that Henry I now insisted. It was essential
from the king’s point of view that he should have some control over the appointment and loyalty of
bishops and abbots. The original struggle was for the freedom of the Church from secular interference
and for free elections. Henry may have admitted that elections should be free, but in fact they took
place under royal influence. The king took care that it became the custom that the bishop-elect should
give homage before he was consecrated as bishop. The royal influence in elections was decisive.
Moreover the character of the bishops did not materially change as a result of the compromise of Bec.

In spite of the settlement of the investiture question in 1107, the reform movement made slow
progress. The king was at heart against it and clung to the ‘ancient custom’. The promises in his
coronation charter were made when his position on the throne was not secure. Now that he was firmly
seated upon it, he could afford to forget his undertakings. The Church was anything but free. In one
respect Henry went even further than his brother William in that he continued to make a financial
matter out of the marriage of clergy. Henry’s government of the Church was far from acceptable at
Rome. The pope was effectively prevented from exercising any real control over the government of
the Church in England.

A. L. Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta 1087–1216, published in 1955.


Passage B

Historians have always assumed that Henry I was the despoiler of churches, but all the evidence is
to the contrary. He was no tyrant. Despite the difficult years at the beginning of the reign, when Henry
discovered that the rules of Church-state relations had changed, the remainder of his years passed
with the Church enjoying a long period of calm during which it flourished. Henry learned early that
he could not win by making an enemy of the Church. What Henry offered the Church is patronage,
wealth, justice, and peace.

He demonstrated to the Anglo-Norman Church and the papacy that the man in charge was clever
enough to make concessions when necessary, to seek the practical middle road, to treat the Church
as the vital element of the realm that it was. Throughout his long reign, Henry admittedly ‘managed’
the Church, but he did so according to accepted rules. He was extremely generous, helping to
make possible the spiritual role of the Church. He sought the support of all elements of the Church.
He seems to have been particularly proud of providing justice for his churchmen. In the eyes of his
contemporaries, he was an effective guardian of the Church. He might have reflected with pleasure
on his achievement: the Church in capable hands; his relations with the papacy friendly and on the
king’s terms.

C. Warren Hollister, Henry I, published in 2003.




© OCR 2024 Y303/01 Jun24

, 3

SECTION B

Answer any two questions.


2* ‘The main impact of the continental possessions of the Crown on English central government
was the development of the office of chief justiciar.’

How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1066 to 1216? [25]


3* ‘The most important developments in the growth of English Common Law in the period from 1066
to 1216, took place before the beginning of the reign of Henry I (1100).’

How far do you agree? [25]


4* ‘Relations between archbishops of Canterbury and the crown were better in the period from 1066
to 1154 than in the period from 1154 to 1216.’

How far do you agree? [25]



END OF QUESTION PAPER

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