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2024 Newest|Literary Criticism| UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE Cambridge School (1920s-1930s): - ANSWER-A group of scholars at Cambridge University who rejected historical and biographical analysis of texts in favor of close readi...

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Cambridge School (1920s-1930s): - ANSWER✔✔-A group of scholars at Cambridge

University who rejected historical and biographical analysis of texts in favor of close

readings of the texts themselves.


Chicago School (1950s): - ANSWER✔✔-A group, formed at the University of Chicago in

the 1950s, that drew on Aristotle's distinctions between the various elements within a

narrative to analyze the relation between form and structure. Critics and Criticisms:

Ancient and Modern (1952) is the major work of the Chicago School.


Deconstruction (1967-present): - ANSWER✔✔-A philosophical approach to reading,

first advanced by Jacques Derrida that attacks the assumption that a text has a single,

stable meaning. Derrida suggests that all interpretation of a text simply constitutes

further texts, which means there is no "outside the text" at all. Therefore, it is impossible

for a text to have stable meaning. The practice of deconstruction involves identifying

the contradictions within a text's claim to have a single, stable meaning, and showing

that a text can be taken to mean a variety of things that differ significantly from what it

purports to mean.


Feminist criticism (1960s-present): - ANSWER✔✔-An umbrella term for a number of

different critical approaches that seek to distinguish the human experience from the


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Page 1/23

,male experience. Feminist critics draw attention to the ways in which patriarchal social

structures have marginalized women and male authors have exploited women in their

portrayal of them. Although feminist criticism dates as far back as Mary

Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and had some significant

advocates in the early 20th century, such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir, it

did not gain widespread recognition as a theoretical and political movement until the

1960s and 1970s.


Psychoanalytic criticism (1930-present) - ANSWER✔✔-Any form of criticism that draws

on psychoanalysis, the practice of analyzing the role of unconscious psychological

drives and impulses in shaping human behavior or artistic production. The three main

schools of psychoanalysis are named for the three leading figures in developing

psychoanalytic theory: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Jacques Lacan.


Freudian criticism (c. 1900-present): - ANSWER✔✔-The view of art as the imagined

fulfillment of wishes that reality denies. According to Freud, artists sublimate their

desires and translate their imagined wishes into art. We, as an audience, respond to the

sublimated wishes that we share with the artist. Working from this view, an artist's

biography becomes a useful tool in interpreting his or her work. "Freudian criticism" is

also used as a term to describe the analysis of Freudian images within a work of art.


Jungian criticism (1920s-present): - ANSWER✔✔-A school of criticism that draws on

Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, a reservoir of common thoughts and

experiences that all cultures share. Jung holds that literature is an expression of the
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, main themes of the collective unconscious, and critics often invoke his work in

discussions of literary archetypes. These archetypes are Shadow, Anima, Animus,

Spirit.


Lacanian criticism (c. 1977-present): - ANSWER✔✔-Criticism based on Jacques Lacan's

view that the unconscious, and our perception of ourselves, is shaped in the "symbolic"

order of language rather than in the "imaginary" order of prelinguistic thought. Lacan is

famous in literary circles for his influential reading of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Purloined

Letter.


Marxist criticism (1930-present) - ANSWER✔✔-An umbrella term for a number of

critical approaches to literature that draw inspiration from the social and economic

theories of Karl Marx. Marx maintained that material production, or economics,

ultimately determines the course of history, and in turn influences social

structures.These social structures, Marx argued, are held in place by the dominant

ideology, which serves to reinforce the interests of the ruling class. Marxist criticism

approaches literature as a struggle with social realities and ideologies.


Frankfurt School (c. 1923-1970): - ANSWER✔✔-A group of German Marxist thinkers

associated with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt. These thinkers applied the

principles of Marxism to a wide range of social phenomena, including literature. Major

members of the Frankfurt School include Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter

Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas.


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