HDFS Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/2025
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HDFS Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/2025
Developmental Science - ANSWERSThe study of constancy and change throughout the lifespan
Describes, Explains, and Predicts - ANSWERSA THEORY is an orderly, integrated set of statements that ___1___, ___2___, and ___3___ behavior.
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HDFS Exam 1 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers 2024/2025
Developmental Science - ANSWERSThe study of constancy and change throughout the lifespan
Describes, Explains, and Predicts - ANSWERSA THEORY is an orderly, integrated set of statements that
___1___, ___2___, and ___3___ behavior.
Nature - ANSWERSHereditary information that is received from parents at conception describes ______ .
Nurture - ANSWERSPhysical and social forces that influence biological make up and psychological
experiences describes ______ .
Stability - ANSWERSThe idea that lifelong patterns are established by early life experiences.
Plasticity - ANSWERSThe idea that developmental change occurs based on influential life experiences.
Id, Ego, Superego - ANSWERSList Freud's 3 Personality Parts
Id - ANSWERSLargest portion of brain, unconscious, present at birth, source of biological needs and
desires.
Ego - ANSWERSConscious, rational part of personality, engages in early infancy, redirects id impulses
acceptably.
Superego - ANSWERSConscience, which develops between 3-6 yrs of age from interactions with
caregivers.
,1) They provide organizing frameworks for our observations of people, guiding and giving meaning to
what we see.
2) They provide a sound basis for practical action if verified by research. (ex. can show us how to improve
the welfare and treatment of children and adults.) - ANSWERSList two reasons why theories are vital
Scientific Verification - ANSWERSA theory's continued existence depends on _______ .
Continuous Development - ANSWERSA process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that
were there to begin with.
(ex. when Sofie was a baby, her perception of a piano melody, memory for past events, and ability to
categorize objects may have been much like our own. Perhaps her only limitation was that she could not
perform these skills with as much information and precision as we can)
Discontinuous Development - ANSWERSA process in which new ways of understanding and responding
to the world emerge at specific times (in stages).
(ex. baby Sofie could not yet perceive, remember, and categorize experiences as a mature person can.
Rather, she moved through a series of developmental steps, each with unique features, until she reached
the highest level of functioning.)
The changing character of the North American population - ANSWERS________________ awakened
researchers to the idea that gains in functioning are lifelong, as many previously thought that
development stopped at the end of adolescence.
(1) lifelong
(2) multidimensional and multidirectional
(3) highly plastic
(4) affected by multiple, interacting forces. - ANSWERSThe lifespan perspective is the idea that
development is __1__, __2__, __3__, and __4__.
Multidimensional - ANSWERSAffected by an intricate blend of biological, psychological, and social forces.
(ex. Sofie continually faced new demands and opportunities)
, Multidirectional - ANSWERSAt every period, development is a joint expression of growth and decline.
(ex. When Sofie mastered languages and music as a school-age child, she gave up refining other skills.)
Plastic - ANSWERSDevelopment is _______ at all ages
Resiliance - ANSWERSThe ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development
Age-Graded Influences - ANSWERSEvents that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable
in when they occur and how long they last are called __________ .
(ex. most individuals walk shortly after their first birthday, acquire their native language during the
preschool years, reach puberty around ages 12 to 14)
History-Graded Influences - ANSWERSExplains why people born around the same time(same cohort)
tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times.
(ex. go through same epidemics, wars, new technologies, changes in cultural values)
Normative (typical/average) - ANSWERSAge-graded and history-graded influences are _______ because
each affects large numbers of people.
Nonnormative Influences - ANSWERSEvents that are irregular; they happen to just one person or a few
people and do not follow a predictable timetable.
(ex. a battle with cancer)
Lifespan Perspective - ANSWERSInstead of a single line of development, the ___________ emphasizes
many potential pathways and outcomes
Psychoanalytic Perspective - ANSWERSPeople move through a series of stages in which they confront
conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
Psychosexual Theory - ANSWERSFreud's ____________ emphasizes that how parents manage their
child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development.
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