Advanced Health Assessment & Diagnostic Reasoning
latest test bank 2025
1. Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain Positive Murphy's sign
2. Cirrhosis: Right Upper Quadrant pain Ascites, Jaundice, caput medusae
3. Gastric Ulcer: Right upper to mid-upper quadrant pain Tenderness, pain with eating
4. Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant Rebound tenderness, pain at McBurney's point
5. Diverticulitis: Left lower quadrant Pain with palpations
6. Bowel Obstruction: Diffuse "Rushes" and "Tinkles"
7. Peritonitis: Diffuse Rigidity
8. Which causes of shortness of breath is primarily due to pulmonary etiology?:
Pneumothorax
9. Which statement demonstrates the correct path of cardiac blood flow?: Blood
flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
10. How can I examine or assess a patient's cardiovascular status even before
using a stethoscope?: By observing the patient's general signs of discomfort such as
respiratory distress and diaphoresis.
11. What cardiac physiology does the S1 heart sound represent?: Closure of the
mitral and tricuspid valves
12. What cardiac physiology does the S2 heart sound represent?: Closure of the
aortic valve and pulmonic valve
13. What cardiac physiology does the S3 heart sound represent?: Increased
ventricular refilling pressures, such as heart failure.
14. What cardiac physiology does the S4 heart sound represent?: Atrial
contraction against a stiff ventricle, as seen in left ventricular hypertrophy.
, .
15. What is TRUE regarding the physiological splitting of the second heart
sound?: The splitting is more pronounced with inspiration, as it takes longer for the
pulmonic valve to close.
16. What are the five qualities of a heart murmur that are important to
describe?: Location, intensity, shape, pitch, and timing
17. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the murmur of
aortic stenosis?: It is usually heard at the right upper sternal border but also can be
heard across the pericardium during systole.
18. How does valvular aortic stenosis affect the S2 heart sound?: S2 is heard less
crispy, as the A2 component is affected by degenerating sclerotic tissue.
19. What is TRUE regarding the term "pulsus parvus et tardus" in relation to
aortic stenosis?: The pulse is weak and late relative to the contraction of the heart.
20. Which features are the MOST accurate descriptions of the murmur of mitral
regurgitation?: Located at the apex of the heart, heard during systole, the intensity of
the murmur predicts the extent of valvular disease.
21 How does handgrip maneuver affects a heart murmur due to mitral
regurgitation?: The intensity of the murmur gets louder due to increased afterload.
22. Which features are the MOST accurate descriptions of a tricuspid
regurgitation murmur?: Located at the tricuspid area, holosystolic, high-pitched
23. Which valvular heart disease is associated with rhythmic head bobbing,
pulsation in the uvula, and Quincke's pulse?: Aortic regurgitation
24. What are the cardinal features of a murmur related to aortic insufficiency?:
Located at the left sternal border, diastolic decrescendo murmur, sometimes associated
with an S3 sound.
, .
25. What is pulse pressure?: It is difference systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 26.
Which valvular heart disease is associated with increased pulse pressure?: Aortic
regurgitation
27. What are the cardinal features of a murmur related to mitral stenosis?: Located
at the apex, heard during diastole, described as a low-pitched rumble.
28. What is TRUE regarding the point of maximal impulse PMI?: In a patients with
severe COPD, the PMI is may be found at the subxiphoid area.
29. Venous: Rarely palpable
Biphasic waveform
Pulsations can be obliterated by light pressure
Increases in supine position
Decreases with inspiration
30. Arterial pulse: Palpable
Monophasic waveform
Pulsations cannot be obliterated by light touch
No change with position change
No change with inspiration or expiration
31. What venous pulse found on physical exam of the neck is...: ...biphasic, easily
obliterated by light pressure, and increased in supine position
32. Physical exam findings seen in heart failure include...: ..increased jugular venous
pressure, positive abdominojugular reflex test, and peripheral edema
33. An elevated central venous pressure reflects..: ..volume overload
34. What is TRUE regarding abdominojugular reflux?: Abdominojugular reflux is
due to an increased inflow of blood from the abdominal veins into the right atrium.
latest test bank 2025
1. Cholecystitis: Right upper quadrant pain Positive Murphy's sign
2. Cirrhosis: Right Upper Quadrant pain Ascites, Jaundice, caput medusae
3. Gastric Ulcer: Right upper to mid-upper quadrant pain Tenderness, pain with eating
4. Appendicitis: Right lower quadrant Rebound tenderness, pain at McBurney's point
5. Diverticulitis: Left lower quadrant Pain with palpations
6. Bowel Obstruction: Diffuse "Rushes" and "Tinkles"
7. Peritonitis: Diffuse Rigidity
8. Which causes of shortness of breath is primarily due to pulmonary etiology?:
Pneumothorax
9. Which statement demonstrates the correct path of cardiac blood flow?: Blood
flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
10. How can I examine or assess a patient's cardiovascular status even before
using a stethoscope?: By observing the patient's general signs of discomfort such as
respiratory distress and diaphoresis.
11. What cardiac physiology does the S1 heart sound represent?: Closure of the
mitral and tricuspid valves
12. What cardiac physiology does the S2 heart sound represent?: Closure of the
aortic valve and pulmonic valve
13. What cardiac physiology does the S3 heart sound represent?: Increased
ventricular refilling pressures, such as heart failure.
14. What cardiac physiology does the S4 heart sound represent?: Atrial
contraction against a stiff ventricle, as seen in left ventricular hypertrophy.
, .
15. What is TRUE regarding the physiological splitting of the second heart
sound?: The splitting is more pronounced with inspiration, as it takes longer for the
pulmonic valve to close.
16. What are the five qualities of a heart murmur that are important to
describe?: Location, intensity, shape, pitch, and timing
17. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the murmur of
aortic stenosis?: It is usually heard at the right upper sternal border but also can be
heard across the pericardium during systole.
18. How does valvular aortic stenosis affect the S2 heart sound?: S2 is heard less
crispy, as the A2 component is affected by degenerating sclerotic tissue.
19. What is TRUE regarding the term "pulsus parvus et tardus" in relation to
aortic stenosis?: The pulse is weak and late relative to the contraction of the heart.
20. Which features are the MOST accurate descriptions of the murmur of mitral
regurgitation?: Located at the apex of the heart, heard during systole, the intensity of
the murmur predicts the extent of valvular disease.
21 How does handgrip maneuver affects a heart murmur due to mitral
regurgitation?: The intensity of the murmur gets louder due to increased afterload.
22. Which features are the MOST accurate descriptions of a tricuspid
regurgitation murmur?: Located at the tricuspid area, holosystolic, high-pitched
23. Which valvular heart disease is associated with rhythmic head bobbing,
pulsation in the uvula, and Quincke's pulse?: Aortic regurgitation
24. What are the cardinal features of a murmur related to aortic insufficiency?:
Located at the left sternal border, diastolic decrescendo murmur, sometimes associated
with an S3 sound.
, .
25. What is pulse pressure?: It is difference systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 26.
Which valvular heart disease is associated with increased pulse pressure?: Aortic
regurgitation
27. What are the cardinal features of a murmur related to mitral stenosis?: Located
at the apex, heard during diastole, described as a low-pitched rumble.
28. What is TRUE regarding the point of maximal impulse PMI?: In a patients with
severe COPD, the PMI is may be found at the subxiphoid area.
29. Venous: Rarely palpable
Biphasic waveform
Pulsations can be obliterated by light pressure
Increases in supine position
Decreases with inspiration
30. Arterial pulse: Palpable
Monophasic waveform
Pulsations cannot be obliterated by light touch
No change with position change
No change with inspiration or expiration
31. What venous pulse found on physical exam of the neck is...: ...biphasic, easily
obliterated by light pressure, and increased in supine position
32. Physical exam findings seen in heart failure include...: ..increased jugular venous
pressure, positive abdominojugular reflex test, and peripheral edema
33. An elevated central venous pressure reflects..: ..volume overload
34. What is TRUE regarding abdominojugular reflux?: Abdominojugular reflux is
due to an increased inflow of blood from the abdominal veins into the right atrium.
