ICE EXAM INFECTION CONTROL
Modes of disease transmission - Answers- airborne, direct contact, indirect contact,
ingestion, blood borne, parental, fecal-oral, vector, vertical, transfusions, and transplants
Airborne transmission - Answers- droplet infection, aerosols, mists, spatter
inhaled into susceptible host's respiratory system (some are carried long distances)
Direct contact transmission - Answers- touching an infected individual
ex: herpes, hepatitis, HIV, TB
Indirect contact transmission - Answers- pathogenic organisms left on inanimate
objects
wash hands frequently to help prevent this
Ingestion - Answers- eating food, drinking beverages, or taking medications that are
contaminated
Bloodborne transmission - Answers- infected blood enters a susceptible host through
exposure to blood or body fluids
can be direct or indirect
intact vs non intact skin
ex: HBV, HCV, HIV
Parental transmission - Answers- through skin with cuts punctures
blood borne pathogens can occur through needle stick injuries, human bites, cuts,
abrasions, or any break in the skin
Fecal-oral transmission - Answers- many pathogens are present in fecal matter
hand washing is critical if not pathogens may be transferred by directly touching another
person or indirect contact with an inanimate object
ex: hep A
ex movie theater seats, swimming pools, food poisoning
vector transmission - Answers- ticks, fleas, mosquitos, insects, bites, and stings
tick: lyme disease
flea: plague
mosquito: malaria, west nile fever
Vertical transmission - Answers- mother to child
Transfusions - Answers- ie blood, serum, plasma
Transplants - Answers- most kinds
, Immunity means... - Answers- allows the body to resist disease and prevent foreign
bodies from causing infection
Naturally acquired immunity - Answers- obtained naturally through having the disease
Active natural immunity - Answers- person has the disease and formed antibodies and
memory cells
Passive natural immunity - Answers- receive maternal antibodies through placenta or
breast milk
Artificially acquired immunity - Answers- immunization or vaccine
Active artificial immunity - Answers- vaccine containing weakened disease-causing
organisms or genetically engineer organisms-body forms antibodies
Passive artificial immunity - Answers- receive antiserum with antibodies from another
host - replacement therapy for patients with primary immune deficiencies
Viral diseases are transmitted by - Answers- Direct contact
Insects
Blood transfusions
Contaminated food or water
Inhalation of droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing
Most common types of hepatitis? - Answers- A, B, C
What is viral hepatitis? - Answers- inflammation of the liver
How can you get Hep A and Hep E? - Answers- -Both A & E is fecal- oral transmission
Improper Hand Hygiene -handling food Contaminated Food or Water
-Transmission not a major concern for standard dental setting Least serious of Viral
Hepatitis
How is HBV transmitted? - Answers- percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood or
body fluids of a person with either acute or chronic HBV infection.
•Direct contact with blood or body fluids of infected person enters the body of a person
who is not immune.
•Sex with an infected person without using a condom
•Sharing needles or "works" when "shooting" drugs
•Percutaneous Injuries: needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job
•Perinatally- infected mother to her baby during birth.
Can you prevent HBV? - Answers- yes by getting the vaccination
Modes of disease transmission - Answers- airborne, direct contact, indirect contact,
ingestion, blood borne, parental, fecal-oral, vector, vertical, transfusions, and transplants
Airborne transmission - Answers- droplet infection, aerosols, mists, spatter
inhaled into susceptible host's respiratory system (some are carried long distances)
Direct contact transmission - Answers- touching an infected individual
ex: herpes, hepatitis, HIV, TB
Indirect contact transmission - Answers- pathogenic organisms left on inanimate
objects
wash hands frequently to help prevent this
Ingestion - Answers- eating food, drinking beverages, or taking medications that are
contaminated
Bloodborne transmission - Answers- infected blood enters a susceptible host through
exposure to blood or body fluids
can be direct or indirect
intact vs non intact skin
ex: HBV, HCV, HIV
Parental transmission - Answers- through skin with cuts punctures
blood borne pathogens can occur through needle stick injuries, human bites, cuts,
abrasions, or any break in the skin
Fecal-oral transmission - Answers- many pathogens are present in fecal matter
hand washing is critical if not pathogens may be transferred by directly touching another
person or indirect contact with an inanimate object
ex: hep A
ex movie theater seats, swimming pools, food poisoning
vector transmission - Answers- ticks, fleas, mosquitos, insects, bites, and stings
tick: lyme disease
flea: plague
mosquito: malaria, west nile fever
Vertical transmission - Answers- mother to child
Transfusions - Answers- ie blood, serum, plasma
Transplants - Answers- most kinds
, Immunity means... - Answers- allows the body to resist disease and prevent foreign
bodies from causing infection
Naturally acquired immunity - Answers- obtained naturally through having the disease
Active natural immunity - Answers- person has the disease and formed antibodies and
memory cells
Passive natural immunity - Answers- receive maternal antibodies through placenta or
breast milk
Artificially acquired immunity - Answers- immunization or vaccine
Active artificial immunity - Answers- vaccine containing weakened disease-causing
organisms or genetically engineer organisms-body forms antibodies
Passive artificial immunity - Answers- receive antiserum with antibodies from another
host - replacement therapy for patients with primary immune deficiencies
Viral diseases are transmitted by - Answers- Direct contact
Insects
Blood transfusions
Contaminated food or water
Inhalation of droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing
Most common types of hepatitis? - Answers- A, B, C
What is viral hepatitis? - Answers- inflammation of the liver
How can you get Hep A and Hep E? - Answers- -Both A & E is fecal- oral transmission
Improper Hand Hygiene -handling food Contaminated Food or Water
-Transmission not a major concern for standard dental setting Least serious of Viral
Hepatitis
How is HBV transmitted? - Answers- percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood or
body fluids of a person with either acute or chronic HBV infection.
•Direct contact with blood or body fluids of infected person enters the body of a person
who is not immune.
•Sex with an infected person without using a condom
•Sharing needles or "works" when "shooting" drugs
•Percutaneous Injuries: needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job
•Perinatally- infected mother to her baby during birth.
Can you prevent HBV? - Answers- yes by getting the vaccination
