Aquifer Internal Medicine Case 33 Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Aquifer Internal Medicine Case 33 Questions and Answers 100% Correct AKI definitions - An increase in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours Increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 1.5 times baseline, which is known or presumed to have to have occurred within the prior seven days Urine volume < 0.5 ml/kg/hr for six hours prerenal AKI pathophysiology - decreased renal perfusion: hypovolemia or hypotension enhanced tubular absorption of both na and water increases passive reabsorption of urea prerenal AKI etiology - hypovolemia: diarrhea, vomiting, poor fluid intake, diuretics, fever, surgical fluid losses 2 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. cardiorenal: decreased CO with decreased renal perfusion (CHF, MI) systemic vasodilation with decreased renal perfusion: sepsis, cirrhosis with hepatorenal syndrome, anesthesia renal hypo perfusion: atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia or meds that vasoconstrictor afferent arterial (NSAIDs) intrinsic AKI pathophysiology - damaged tubules, glomeruli or blood vessels injured nephrons can't maintain homeostasis intrinsic AKI causes - tubules: ATN: sepsis, renal ischemia (MI or vascular surgery), prolonger prerenal insult, hemorrhagic shock, ahminoglycosides, radiocontrast, myoglobin, hemoglobin, chemo, myeloma light chains AIN: allergic reaction to drug (fever, rash, eosinophilia, renal dysfunction); fluoroquinolone, sulfa drugs, beta lactams, NSAIDs 3 | P a g e Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved. glomeruli: glomerulonephritis (lupus, infection, MPGN, IgA nephropathy, vascular disease) Vascular lesion: HTN emergency, embolic phenomenon, vasculitides post renal AKI pathophysiology - obstruction of urinary outflow post renal AKI etiology - tubules: crystals like uric acid, acyclovir, indinavir or sulfa drugs ureteral: cancer, calculi, clot, papillary necrosis, lympadenopathy, retroperitoneal fibrosis bladder neck: tumors, calculi, BPH, prostate cancer, c